Modules 7 & 8 - Statistical Reasoning & Ethics

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.

Question 2

Histogram

Answer 2

A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution.

Question 3

Mode

Answer 3

The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.

Question 4

Mean

Answer 4

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing the number of scores.

Question 5

Median

Answer 5

The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it.

Question 6

Skewed Distribution

Answer 6

A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

Question 7

Range

Answer 7

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

Question 8

Standard Deviation

Answer 8

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

Question 9

Normal Curve

Answer 9

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes

Question 10

Inferential Statistics

Answer 10

Numerical data that allow one to generalize–to infer from sample data the probability of something being true in a population.

Question 11

Statistical significance

Answer 11

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.

Question 12

Culture

Answer 12

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 13

Informed consent

Answer 13

An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

Question 14

Debriefing

Answer 14

The postexpirmental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any descriptions, to its participants.