Module 6 - Correlation & Experimentation

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

A measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other.

Question 2

Correlation coefficient

Answer 2

A statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.0 to +1.0)

Question 3

Scatterplot

Answer 3

A graphed clustered of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates a high correlation

Question 4

Illusory correlation

Answer 4

The perception of the relationship where none exists.

Question 5

Experiment

Answer 5

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependant variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant variables.

Question 6

Experimental group

Answer 6

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.

Question 7

Control group

Answer 7

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.

Question 8

Random assignment

Answer 8

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.

Question 9

Double-blind procedure

Answer 9

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.

Question 10

Placebo

Answer 10

Effect experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.

Question 11

Independent variable

Answer 11

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Question 12

Dependent variable

Answer 12

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Question 13

Confounding variable

Answer 13

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment.

Question 14

Validity

Answer 14

The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.