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NURS 341 Vocabulary > Modules 4-6 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Modules 4-6 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Completely Unstructured Interviews

A

starts with broad question, getting subsequently narrower, and focused by initial answer

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2
Q

Focused Interviews

A

number of topics

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3
Q

Focus Group Interviews

A

more than one participant, conversation guided by interviewer

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4
Q

Life Histories

A

narrative self-disclosures about life’s experiences

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5
Q

Critical Incident Technique

A

gathers data about behaviours by studying specific incidents

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6
Q

Question Form

A

researcher knows what they need to know, focused questions, using interview schedule or questionnaire, subject must respond in their own words

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7
Q

Likert Scale

A

most common scaling technique, instruments are declarative statements that express a viewpoint

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8
Q

Vignettes

A

short stories or descriptions of situations, participants explain how they would respond to the situation

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9
Q

Situational Contaminants

A

awareness of an observers presence may affect their behaviour

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10
Q

Response-Set Biases

A

characteristics of the respondents can interfere with the accurate measures of the target attributes

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11
Q

Transitory Personal Factors

A

fatigue, hunger, anxiety, mood

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12
Q

Administration Variations

A

using different methods of data collection from one person to another affecting obtained scores

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13
Q

Reliability

A

accuracy and consistency of a measuring instrument

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14
Q

Stability

A

instrument’s ability to give consistent results

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15
Q

Test-Restest

A

test is administered twice and results are compared, higher means the scores are closer together

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16
Q

Reliability Coefficient

A

reliability with values usually between 0 and 1 (0.8> higher reliability)

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17
Q

Internal Consistency

A

extent to which all items on an instrument measure the same critical attribute or variable

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18
Q

Equivalence

A

degree to which two or more observers using a single instrument obtain the same result

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19
Q

Interrelater or Inter-Observer Reliability

A

present when to or more independent raters or observers agree about the results

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20
Q

Validity

A

extent to which the instrument measures what it was intended to measure

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21
Q

Face Validity

A

whether the instrument looks like it is measuring the target construct

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22
Q

Content Validity

A

extent to which an instrument adequately covers the factors or situations under study

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23
Q

Criterion-Related Validity

A

extent to which a subject’s performance and the subject’s actual behaviour are related

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24
Q

Construct Validity

A

extent to which the test measures a theoretical concept

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25
Q

Credibility

A

believability or truthfulness of findings

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26
Q

Prolonged Engagement and Persistent Observation

A

invest sufficient time to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomena

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27
Q

Triangulation

A

multiple methods to distinguish true information from information with errors

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28
Q

Peer Debriefing

A

receive feedback about data quality and interpretation

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29
Q

Member Checks

A

feedback from study participants on the data and the researcher’s emerging findings and interpretations

30
Q

Searching for Disconfirming Evidence

A

purposive sampling, facilitative through prolonged engagement and peer debriefing

31
Q

Researcher Credibility

A

training, qualifications, experience are important factors in establishing confidence in the data

32
Q

Nominal Level of Measurement

A
  • lowest level
  • labelling or categorizing variables based on characteristics
  • numbers do not have a quantitative meaning
33
Q

Ordinal Level of Measurement

A
  • numeric ranking of subjects according to a specific attribute
  • numbers do not have a precise quantitative meaning
34
Q

Interval Level of Measurement

A
  • ranking events or variables on a scale in which the intervals between the numbers are equal
  • zero value is arbitrary
  • addition and subtraction can be used
  • mean and standard deviation can be calculated
35
Q

Ratio Level of Measurement

A
  • highest form of measurement
  • equal intervals between numbers
  • true zero
  • means and standard deviation is suitable
  • variables are considered continuous
36
Q

Inferential Statistics

A
  • draw conclusions about the population in the bases of data obtained from the sample
  • purpose is to estimate the probability that the sample accurately reflects the population and to test hypotheses about the population
  • used when the sample is randomly selected and the measurement scale is at the interval or ratio level
37
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

describe and synthesize data

38
Q

Measures of Central Tendency

A

individual value that is most representative of that distribution or set of scores

39
Q

Measures of Variability

A

describe the dispersion or the spread of data

40
Q

Mean

A

sum of a set of scores divided by the number of scores

41
Q

Median

A

middle score

42
Q

Mode

A

score that occurs most frequently

43
Q

Range

A

difference between the highest and lowest scores

44
Q

Percentile

A

assigns the score to a specific place within the distribution

45
Q

Standard Deviation

A

average amount that each of the individual scores varies from the mean and the set of scores

46
Q

Type I Error

A

researcher states that a relationship exists when it doesn’t

47
Q

Type II Error

A

researcher states that a relationship does not exist when it does

48
Q

Statistical Significance

A

chance that sample results are not due to chance

49
Q

Parameter

A

occurrence of a variable in the total population

50
Q

Statistic

A

occurrence in a smaller sample

51
Q

Parametric Test

A

sample statistic to estimate the population parameter requiring measurements on at least an interval scale

52
Q

Non-Parametric Test

A

not based on population parameters, involve less restrictive assumptions about the shape of the distribution

53
Q

Coding Scheme

A

method for organizing qualitative data, classifying and indexing data to identify underlying concepts

54
Q

Coding Scheme

A

method for organizing qualitative data, classifying and indexing data to identify underlying concepts

55
Q

Open Coding

A

trying to capture what is going on in the data

56
Q

Selective Coding

A

codes only those variables that are related to the core variable

57
Q

Theoretical Coding

A

putting the broken pieces of data back together again

58
Q

Substative Coding

A

open and selective coding

59
Q

Descriptive Phenomenology

A

seek common patterns by identifying essential themes

60
Q

Holistic Approach

A

viewing the text as a whole

61
Q

Detailed Approach

A

analyzing every sentence

62
Q

Constant Comparative Method

A

simultaneous collection, coding, and analyzing of data

63
Q

Constant Comparative Method

A

simultaneous collection, coding, and analyzing of data

64
Q

Substantive and Theoretical Dimensions

A
  • significance of problem
  • relevance of research
  • congruence between study question and methods
65
Q

Methodological Dimensions

A

rigour of the methods used and the extent to which they yield believable evidence

66
Q

Ethical Dimensions

A
  • evidence that the rights of human subject’s were violated

- impact of any ethical problems

67
Q

Interpretive Dimensions

A
  • discussion has all important results
  • interpretations are consistent with results
  • limitations identified
  • conclusions and recommendations are included
68
Q

Presentation and Stylistic Dimensions

A
  • clear, grammatical, concise, organized

- alert to overt bias

69
Q

Research Utilization

A

use of findings from studies in a practical application that is unrelated to the original research, and translate knowledge into the practice setting to benefit society at large

70
Q

Evidence Based Practice

A

clinical decisions are based on the best possible evidence, broader concept

NURS 341 Vocabulary (2 decks)

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