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NURS 341 Vocabulary > Modules 1-3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Modules 1-3 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Analysis

A

division of the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study

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2
Q

Concept

A

an image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea

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3
Q

Conceptual Definition

A

general meaning of a concept

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4
Q

Conceptual Framework

A

structural representation of concepts, theories or both that is used to construct a map for the study

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5
Q

Constructs

A

abstractions that a deliberately and systematically invented by researchers for a specific purpose

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6
Q

Critique

A

objectively and critical evaluating the content of a research report for scientific merit and application to practice, theory, or education

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7
Q

Data

A

numerical and non-numerical collected during the study

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8
Q

Deductive

A

drawing conclusions from the general to the specific

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9
Q

Inductive

A

generalizing from specific data

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10
Q

Empirical Data

A

evidence gathered through direct observation

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11
Q

Generalizability

A

extent to which data can be inferred to be representative of similar phenomena in population beyond the study

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12
Q

Hypothesis

A

best guess or prediction. What a researcher expects to find

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13
Q

Model

A

symbolic representation of a set of concepts created to depict relationships

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14
Q

Nursing Research

A

systematic process of investigating problems to gain knowledge to improve nursing care

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15
Q

Nursing Science

A

body of knowledge unique to the discipline of nursing

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16
Q

Relationships

A

association between two or more phenomena or variables

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17
Q

Replication

A

ability to repeat a study using the same variables

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18
Q

Research Rigour

A

striving for excellence in nursing research

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19
Q

Scientific Inquiry

A

critically analyzing data systematically gathered about a phenomena

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20
Q

Scientific Method

A

systematic research process that involves selecting and defining the problems, formulating hypothesis/research question, collecting data, and reporting results

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21
Q

Theoretical Framework

A

structural representation of concepts, theories, or both used to construct a map for the study

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22
Q

Theory

A

set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions, that present a systematic view of phenomena for the purpose of explaining and making predictions about those phenomena

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23
Q

Variables

A

measurable characteristics that differ among the subjects

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24
Q

Continuous Variables

A

can be represented on a continuous scale, with an infinite number of values

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25
Discrete Variables
finite number of values between two points
26
Dependent Variables
outcomes of a research study. Variable thought to be influenced by other variables
27
Independent Variables
treatments or conditions that the researcher controls
28
Intervening Variable
link between an independent and a dependent variable, explanation of how the independent variable influences the dependent variable
29
Social Construct
constantly changing sets of beliefs held within a society or culture
30
Quantitative Research
- objective - precise steps - removes subjectivity and controls bias - effect of one variable on another - uses scientific method
31
Qualitative Research
- combination of different philosophical perspectives - multiple realities - understanding of nature and meaning in human existence
32
Abstract
concise summary of a research study
33
Principal of Beneficence
protection of participants from harm or exploitation
34
Right to Self Determination
should be treated as autonomous agents. Right to ask questions, refuse information, or terminate participation
35
Right to Full Disclosure
know what they are getting into, free to decide whether to participate
36
Informed Consent
contract between participant and researcher
37
Anonymity
cannot associate given information with a specific person
38
Confidentiality
if anonymity is impossible, promise not to share information publicly
39
Research Problem
area of concern where there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice
40
Purpose Study
one or two sentences that specify the overall goal and direction of the research
41
Covert Behaviour
unobservable actions which can only be deduced by oneself (usually with an instrument)
42
Simple Hypothesis
predicts the relationship between two variables
43
Complex Hypothesis
predicts the relationship between three or more variables
44
Nondirectional Hypothesis
indicates existence of a relationship but does not predict the direction
45
Directional Hypothesis
states the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
46
Statistical Hypothesis
states that no relationship exists between variables
47
Research Hypothesis
states that there is a relationship between variables
48
Experimental Design
- most rigorous - explores cause and effect - independent is manipulated while dependent is measured
49
Quasi-Experimental Design
allows for topics to be explored that could not otherwise be explored due to ethical, moral or practical concerns
50
Non-Experimental
- when researcher wants to study or observe things as they are or as they happen in a setting - not manipulated
51
Basic Design/After-Only/Post-Test-Only Designs
- random assignment of participants into groups | - data collection is done after experiment is completed
52
Factorial Designs
two or more variables are manipulated simultaneously and subjects are assigned at random to a combination of treatments
53
Crossover Designs/Repeated Measure Designs
exposure of the same study participants to more than one intervention
54
Non-Equivalent Control Group Design
- experimental treatment and two or more groups of subjects - not randomly selected - it can no longer be assumed that the experimental and comparison groups are equivalent
55
Time-Series Design
examining a series of observations on some variable over time
56
Ex-Post-Facto (Correlational) Research
identifies a relationship among variables, but does not prove causation
57
Retrospective (Case-Control) Design
links present events to events (cause) that occurred in the past
58
Prospective (Cohort) Design
explore a presumed cause and move on to a presumed effect using cohorts
59
Descriptive Research
broad class of non-experimental research with the purpose of observing, describing, and documenting a phenomenon
60
Internal Validity
extent of control over influences external to the study
61
History Threat
events that occur during the study that have an effect on the dependent variables
62
Maturation Threat
processes occurring within the subjects during the study as a result of time
63
Testing Threat
can affect the post-test score as a pretest is a learning experience
64
Instrumentation Threat
changes in data collection methods could alter the data if the collectors are not similarly trained
65
Mortality Threat
when subjects do not continue through the experiment
66
Selection Threat
manner in which subjects are chosen and are not assigned randomly to groups
67
Temporal Ambiguity Threat
lack of clarity, whether the independent variable preceded the dependent variable or vice versa. Common in cross-sectional studies
68
Threats to External Validity
whether the study findings are generalizable to other settings or populations
69
Ethnographic
- field research - understand aspects of a culture or subculture from an insider's perspective - in depth procedures - long periods in the field
70
Phenomenological
- philosophical - rich description of phenomenon - increase understanding of lived experience
71
Grounded Theory
- generate new theory from data collected - useful in areas that have not been previously studied - can gain a new perspective on areas previously researched
72
Non-Probability Sampling
selecting a sample through non-random methods
73
Probability Sampling
random selection of elements from a population | attempts to ensure that each element of the population is included in the sample
74
Convenience Sampling
Requires the use of the most readily available people as participants in a study *weakest sampling strategy*
75
Snowball Sampling
Begins by identifying a single subject and then asks that subject to identify others like him or her who might be willing to participate
76
Purposive Sampling
purposely select people who experience the phenomenon of interest
77
Maximum Variation Sample
purposefully selecting cases with a wide range of variation on dimensions of interest
78
Homogenous Sampling
deliberately reduces variation, allows a more focused inquiry
79
Extreme/Deviant Case Sampling
learning from the most unusual and extreme informants
80
Intensity Sampling
information-rich cases, manifest the phenomenon of interest intensely, not as extreme or potentially distorting manifestations
81
Typical Case Sampling
selection of participants who will illustrate or highlight what is typical or average
82
Theory-Based Sampling
selection of people or incidents on the basis of their potential representation of important theoretical constructs
83
Quota Sampling
allows the researcher to control the sample on selected characteristics so that it more closely represents the population of interest
84
Simple Random Sample
most common, each member has an equal independent chance of being selected, eliminating systematic bias
85
Stratified Random Sample
population is divided into two or more strata first, then researcher draws a random sample from each subgroup ensures strata are fairly represented
86
Cluster Sample
groups, not individuals, are randomly selected good for when population is large or really spread out, most efficient *way more sampling errors
87
Systematic Sample
all the elements from as list are chosen for inclusion in the sample *first element is selected randomly

NURS 341 Vocabulary (2 decks)

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