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NURS 341 Vocabulary > Modules 1-3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Modules 1-3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Analysis

A

division of the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study

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2
Q

Concept

A

an image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea

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3
Q

Conceptual Definition

A

general meaning of a concept

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4
Q

Conceptual Framework

A

structural representation of concepts, theories or both that is used to construct a map for the study

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5
Q

Constructs

A

abstractions that a deliberately and systematically invented by researchers for a specific purpose

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6
Q

Critique

A

objectively and critical evaluating the content of a research report for scientific merit and application to practice, theory, or education

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7
Q

Data

A

numerical and non-numerical collected during the study

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8
Q

Deductive

A

drawing conclusions from the general to the specific

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9
Q

Inductive

A

generalizing from specific data

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10
Q

Empirical Data

A

evidence gathered through direct observation

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11
Q

Generalizability

A

extent to which data can be inferred to be representative of similar phenomena in population beyond the study

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12
Q

Hypothesis

A

best guess or prediction. What a researcher expects to find

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13
Q

Model

A

symbolic representation of a set of concepts created to depict relationships

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14
Q

Nursing Research

A

systematic process of investigating problems to gain knowledge to improve nursing care

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15
Q

Nursing Science

A

body of knowledge unique to the discipline of nursing

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16
Q

Relationships

A

association between two or more phenomena or variables

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17
Q

Replication

A

ability to repeat a study using the same variables

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18
Q

Research Rigour

A

striving for excellence in nursing research

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19
Q

Scientific Inquiry

A

critically analyzing data systematically gathered about a phenomena

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20
Q

Scientific Method

A

systematic research process that involves selecting and defining the problems, formulating hypothesis/research question, collecting data, and reporting results

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21
Q

Theoretical Framework

A

structural representation of concepts, theories, or both used to construct a map for the study

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22
Q

Theory

A

set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions, that present a systematic view of phenomena for the purpose of explaining and making predictions about those phenomena

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23
Q

Variables

A

measurable characteristics that differ among the subjects

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24
Q

Continuous Variables

A

can be represented on a continuous scale, with an infinite number of values

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25
Q

Discrete Variables

A

finite number of values between two points

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26
Q

Dependent Variables

A

outcomes of a research study. Variable thought to be influenced by other variables

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27
Q

Independent Variables

A

treatments or conditions that the researcher controls

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28
Q

Intervening Variable

A

link between an independent and a dependent variable, explanation of how the independent variable influences the dependent variable

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29
Q

Social Construct

A

constantly changing sets of beliefs held within a society or culture

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30
Q

Quantitative Research

A
  • objective
  • precise steps
  • removes subjectivity and controls bias
  • effect of one variable on another
  • uses scientific method
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31
Q

Qualitative Research

A
  • combination of different philosophical perspectives
  • multiple realities
  • understanding of nature and meaning in human existence
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32
Q

Abstract

A

concise summary of a research study

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33
Q

Principal of Beneficence

A

protection of participants from harm or exploitation

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34
Q

Right to Self Determination

A

should be treated as autonomous agents. Right to ask questions, refuse information, or terminate participation

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35
Q

Right to Full Disclosure

A

know what they are getting into, free to decide whether to participate

36
Q

Informed Consent

A

contract between participant and researcher

37
Q

Anonymity

A

cannot associate given information with a specific person

38
Q

Confidentiality

A

if anonymity is impossible, promise not to share information publicly

39
Q

Research Problem

A

area of concern where there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice

40
Q

Purpose Study

A

one or two sentences that specify the overall goal and direction of the research

41
Q

Covert Behaviour

A

unobservable actions which can only be deduced by oneself (usually with an instrument)

42
Q

Simple Hypothesis

A

predicts the relationship between two variables

43
Q

Complex Hypothesis

A

predicts the relationship between three or more variables

44
Q

Nondirectional Hypothesis

A

indicates existence of a relationship but does not predict the direction

45
Q

Directional Hypothesis

A

states the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

46
Q

Statistical Hypothesis

A

states that no relationship exists between variables

47
Q

Research Hypothesis

A

states that there is a relationship between variables

48
Q

Experimental Design

A
  • most rigorous
  • explores cause and effect
  • independent is manipulated while dependent is measured
49
Q

Quasi-Experimental Design

A

allows for topics to be explored that could not otherwise be explored due to ethical, moral or practical concerns

50
Q

Non-Experimental

A
  • when researcher wants to study or observe things as they are or as they happen in a setting
  • not manipulated
51
Q

Basic Design/After-Only/Post-Test-Only Designs

A
  • random assignment of participants into groups

- data collection is done after experiment is completed

52
Q

Factorial Designs

A

two or more variables are manipulated simultaneously and subjects are assigned at random to a combination of treatments

53
Q

Crossover Designs/Repeated Measure Designs

A

exposure of the same study participants to more than one intervention

54
Q

Non-Equivalent Control Group Design

A
  • experimental treatment and two or more groups of subjects
  • not randomly selected
  • it can no longer be assumed that the experimental and comparison groups are equivalent
55
Q

Time-Series Design

A

examining a series of observations on some variable over time

56
Q

Ex-Post-Facto (Correlational) Research

A

identifies a relationship among variables, but does not prove causation

57
Q

Retrospective (Case-Control) Design

A

links present events to events (cause) that occurred in the past

58
Q

Prospective (Cohort) Design

A

explore a presumed cause and move on to a presumed effect using cohorts

59
Q

Descriptive Research

A

broad class of non-experimental research with the purpose of observing, describing, and documenting a phenomenon

60
Q

Internal Validity

A

extent of control over influences external to the study

61
Q

History Threat

A

events that occur during the study that have an effect on the dependent variables

62
Q

Maturation Threat

A

processes occurring within the subjects during the study as a result of time

63
Q

Testing Threat

A

can affect the post-test score as a pretest is a learning experience

64
Q

Instrumentation Threat

A

changes in data collection methods could alter the data if the collectors are not similarly trained

65
Q

Mortality Threat

A

when subjects do not continue through the experiment

66
Q

Selection Threat

A

manner in which subjects are chosen and are not assigned randomly to groups

67
Q

Temporal Ambiguity Threat

A

lack of clarity, whether the independent variable preceded the dependent variable or vice versa. Common in cross-sectional studies

68
Q

Threats to External Validity

A

whether the study findings are generalizable to other settings or populations

69
Q

Ethnographic

A
  • field research
  • understand aspects of a culture or subculture from an insider’s perspective
  • in depth procedures
  • long periods in the field
70
Q

Phenomenological

A
  • philosophical
  • rich description of phenomenon
  • increase understanding of lived experience
71
Q

Grounded Theory

A
  • generate new theory from data collected
  • useful in areas that have not been previously studied
  • can gain a new perspective on areas previously researched
72
Q

Non-Probability Sampling

A

selecting a sample through non-random methods

73
Q

Probability Sampling

A

random selection of elements from a population

attempts to ensure that each element of the population is included in the sample

74
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

Requires the use of the most readily available people as participants in a study
weakest sampling strategy

75
Q

Snowball Sampling

A

Begins by identifying a single subject and then asks that subject to identify others like him or her who might be willing to participate

76
Q

Purposive Sampling

A

purposely select people who experience the phenomenon of interest

77
Q

Maximum Variation Sample

A

purposefully selecting cases with a wide range of variation on dimensions of interest

78
Q

Homogenous Sampling

A

deliberately reduces variation, allows a more focused inquiry

79
Q

Extreme/Deviant Case Sampling

A

learning from the most unusual and extreme informants

80
Q

Intensity Sampling

A

information-rich cases, manifest the phenomenon of interest intensely, not as extreme or potentially distorting manifestations

81
Q

Typical Case Sampling

A

selection of participants who will illustrate or highlight what is typical or average

82
Q

Theory-Based Sampling

A

selection of people or incidents on the basis of their potential representation of important theoretical constructs

83
Q

Quota Sampling

A

allows the researcher to control the sample on selected characteristics so that it more closely represents the population of interest

84
Q

Simple Random Sample

A

most common, each member has an equal independent chance of being selected, eliminating systematic bias

85
Q

Stratified Random Sample

A

population is divided into two or more strata first, then researcher draws a random sample from each subgroup
ensures strata are fairly represented

86
Q

Cluster Sample

A

groups, not individuals, are randomly selected
good for when population is large or really spread out, most efficient
*way more sampling errors

87
Q

Systematic Sample

A

all the elements from as list are chosen for inclusion in the sample *first element is selected randomly

NURS 341 Vocabulary (2 decks)

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