Modules 1 and 2 Flashcards
What does the term anthroplogy mean?
Anthropology is the study of humankind in a cross cultural context
What are the 4 subfields of anthropology?
- Cultural Anthropology
- Linguistic Anthroplogy
- Archaelogy
- Biological Archaeology
Draw a quick doodle to help remember the 4 subfields of anthropology?
Do it!
What is biological anthropology?
The study of humans as biological organisms, in a evoloutionary framework ( also called PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY)
What are the 6 subfields of biological anthropology?
- PaleoANThropology
- Paleo PATHology & Bioarchaeology
- Forensic Anthropology
- Osteology and Skeletal Biology
- Primatology
- Human Biology
Explain slide 25 from Module “What is bioanthroplogy?
Write out slide 25 from Module “What is bioanthroplogy?
List 6 jobs anthropologist might work at?
Academic: University professors Medical school, Zoology, Paleontology
Non Academic: Forensic investigator, Museums, applied anthropometry ( automotive)
What did Aristotle believe in?
Great chain of being, allcreatures were fixed/unchanging, earth was full and short existence
What is the “Great Chain of Being” ?
Humans are at the top all other living things are below, lesser.
John Ray suggested…
- Presented the concept of plants and animal could be grouped into sets
- He grouped similar species into genus….
IMPORTANT….he really pushed the idea of a biological relationship between species
Corl Linneaus suggested …
- Binomial nomenclature ( naming things using 2 names, the first tells the genus and the second the specific epithet)
- Taxonomy: the science of describing and classifying organisms
IMPORTANT… he noted the different degrees of relatedness among animals
Lamark suggested…
- Species change over time
- Behavour changes anatomy, use it or lose it type idea….if you use it lots or don’t use it it changes for example an elephant trunk stretches.
Who were the grandfathers of evoloutionary theory?
Darwin and Wallace…
Explain artifical selection?
Animals breeders choose a trait they liked and allowed only those animals to breed….the result was an increased frequency in a trait of the off spring….think of mini poodles…they were bred repeatedly to make tiny versions of the standard poodle!
What conclusion did Darwin make from looking at artifical selection?
Traits are heritable
Thomas Malthus suggested that….
the “Principle of Population” there is always potential for exponential growth! BUT poulations are roughly stable and growth is limited by resources and other factors
What 2 things did Darwin conclude from Malthus’ “Principles of Population”
Darwin concluded, there is a struggle for existance and the more successful survive and leave more offspring
Draw a diagram to explain evoloution by Natural selection (slide 27)
Observation #1: potential for exponential population growth
Observation #2: populations are roughly stable
Observation #3: limiting resources
Deduction: there is a struggle for existance…
Observation #4: there is lots of variation
Observation #5, traits are inherited
Deduction: there is differential survival & reproduction…or NATURAL SELECTION !!!!!
Second IMPORTANT deduction: Change happens over many generations
