ANT 260 EAT: Module 2 Flashcards
What does the term human nutrition mean?
The process where the human body gets substances from food to maintain bodily functions structure and integrity
List common nutrients in food?
carbohydrates, protien, vitamins and minerals
What are “Essential Nutrients”?
The basic nutrients we need to survive, NOT the ones we need only in certain conditions. Our body cannot make these, we must eat food to get them
Why do we need to eat a variety of foods?
Because not all nutrients are in all foods nd not all foods have the same quantities of nutrients. To be sure you get enough nutrients its best to eat a lot of different food
Tru or False? Breast milk is the only food that can provide perfect amount of nutrients for a humans survival
True but only for infants, human nutritional needs change as we age
Lucky number 7!
List 7 things nutrients provide.
- Sources of energy
- Essential amino acids
- Fatty Acids
- Vitamins
- Mineral and trace elements
- Fiber
- Water
What is another word for energy?
Calorie
Are calories that chemists talk about the same as food Calories?
No! food Calories are actually kilocalories or Kcal’s.
kcal= 1,000
Nutritionists use a capital “C”
How does are body get calories?
Large molecules get broken down by digetive enzymes and absorbed or metabolized by body tissues
How much energy can you get from carbs?
4 per gram
How much energy do you get from protein
4 per gram
How much energy do you get from alcohol
7 per gram
How much energy do you get from fat
9 per gram
What is the most common source of energy in living things?
Carbs!
Basic carbohydrates are called …
“Monosachrides,” they are made up of glucose and fructose
If you link up a bunch of monosacchrides they are called …
“Polysacchrides” or “Oligosacchrides”
What are the core uses of carbohydrates in the human body?
- Energy transportation and storage
- Strutural components
- Part of DNA and RNA structure
- Immune system
- Fertilization
- blood clotting
- Development
Why do pregnant women need more protien
Protien is a structural element needed to build the placenta aminotic tissue and maternal tissues. rgnant Mothers have a 50% increase in blood volume and therefore need about 20% more protien than non pregnant women
True or false? It’s possible to come up with a detailed nutritional plan that will work for everyone.
False, we can only come up with a basic nutritional needs. There is too muych vareuty to have a detailed plan for everyone
What is malnutrition?
An imbalance between the nutrients a body need and nutrients a body gets
What is undernutrition?
consumption of too few calories OR too little of a specific nutrient such as fat, protein, vitamin or mineral
What is over nutrition?
Consumption of too many calories
The effects of malnutrition depends on what?
The type of deficiency …eg fat or vitamin c
A loss of body fat is a sign of …
Insufficent caloric intake, up to 50% for adults, or more for children
Severe wasting away resuls in …
Cachexia
How does starvation affect the body
- Digestive system decresed stomach acid, shrinking stomach, diarrhea, often fatal
- Respiratory system, slow breathing lead to respiratory failure
- Nervous system, irratble, in kids retardation
- Blood, anemia
- Skin and hair weak and brittle
Maramus is
severe deficiiency of calories and protien
Kwasiokor
severe deficieney primarily of protein resuklts in thin limbs and swollen belly
45% is the cause of all global child deaths
malnutrition
