Modules 1-2 History and Issues of Psych Flashcards
How did Socrates & Plato’s view of the mind differ from Aristotle’s?
Socrates and Plato believed that knowledge was born within us
Aristotle believed that knowledge was not preexisting, and had to be gained through experiences stored in memories.
How did Descartes view the mind?
agreed with Socrates and Plato.
He believed the mind and body were separate
Explain John Locke’s idea of tabula rasa as a way of describing the mind.
Tabula Rasa; meaning “Blank Slate”, in which experience writes.
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of Psychology.
created one of the first Psychological experiments and even started the first Psychological Laboratory.
structuralism and who is associated with it?
The Early school of thought by using introspection to reveal structure of the human mind.
promoted by Wundt and Titchener.
functionalism and who is associated with it?
Early school of thought that explored how mental and behavioral processes function–how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Promoted by James and influenced by Darwin
Mary Whiton Calkins
First female president of the APA
Margaret Floy Washburn
Margaret Floy was the first woman to graduate with a Psychology Ph.D.
experiment psychologists
Explore behavior and thinking through experimentation
What was the name of the first psychology textbook & who wrote it?
Principles of Psychology, by William James
Behaviorism
The study of observable behavior. Pioneered by John B. Watson and P. F. Skinner
Psychoanalytic
The study of how the unconscious mind affects our behavior. Pioneered by Sigmund Freud
Humanistic
Was the study of potential human growth and development. Pioneered by Carl Rogers.
Cognitive Neuroscience
The study of the brain, linked with cognition. Pioneered by multiple Psychologists during the 1960’s.
nature-nurture issue
Controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits from nature and nurture.
-Controversy between Psych and Science
How did Locke & Descartes disagree about the mind?
Locke believed the mind was a blank slate.
Descartes believed knowledge was innate
How does Darwin’s natural selection theory apply to psychology?
He believed his theory explained animal structures and behaviors
biopsychosocial approach of psychology
That behavior and mental processes are based on Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural influences.
Behavioral Approach
How we learn observable responses
Biological Approach
How genes combine w/ environment to influence us
Cognitive Approach
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Evolutionary Approach
How natural selection of traits promote survival
Humanistic Approach
How we meet our psychological needs to achieve self-fulfillment
Psychodynamic Approach
How our unconsious drives promote behavior
Social-Cultural Approach
How culture and people drive behavior and thinking
