Modules 1-2 History and Issues of Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Socrates & Plato’s view of the mind differ from Aristotle’s?

A

Socrates and Plato believed that knowledge was born within us

Aristotle believed that knowledge was not preexisting, and had to be gained through experiences stored in memories.

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2
Q

How did Descartes view the mind?

A

agreed with Socrates and Plato.

He believed the mind and body were separate

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3
Q

Explain John Locke’s idea of tabula rasa as a way of describing the mind.

A

Tabula Rasa; meaning “Blank Slate”, in which experience writes.

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4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Father of Psychology.
created one of the first Psychological experiments and even started the first Psychological Laboratory.

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5
Q

structuralism and who is associated with it?

A

The Early school of thought by using introspection to reveal structure of the human mind.

promoted by Wundt and Titchener.

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6
Q

functionalism and who is associated with it?

A

Early school of thought that explored how mental and behavioral processes function–how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Promoted by James and influenced by Darwin

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7
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

First female president of the APA

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8
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

Margaret Floy was the first woman to graduate with a Psychology Ph.D.

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9
Q

experiment psychologists

A

Explore behavior and thinking through experimentation

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10
Q

What was the name of the first psychology textbook & who wrote it?

A

Principles of Psychology, by William James

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11
Q

Behaviorism

A

The study of observable behavior. Pioneered by John B. Watson and P. F. Skinner

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12
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

The study of how the unconscious mind affects our behavior. Pioneered by Sigmund Freud

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13
Q

Humanistic

A

Was the study of potential human growth and development. Pioneered by Carl Rogers.

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14
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The study of the brain, linked with cognition. Pioneered by multiple Psychologists during the 1960’s.

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15
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

Controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits from nature and nurture.
-Controversy between Psych and Science

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16
Q

How did Locke & Descartes disagree about the mind?

A

Locke believed the mind was a blank slate.

Descartes believed knowledge was innate

17
Q

How does Darwin’s natural selection theory apply to psychology?

A

He believed his theory explained animal structures and behaviors

18
Q

biopsychosocial approach of psychology

A

That behavior and mental processes are based on Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural influences.

19
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

How we learn observable responses

20
Q

Biological Approach

A

How genes combine w/ environment to influence us

21
Q

Cognitive Approach

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

22
Q

Evolutionary Approach

A

How natural selection of traits promote survival

23
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

How we meet our psychological needs to achieve self-fulfillment

24
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A

How our unconsious drives promote behavior

25
Q

Social-Cultural Approach

A

How culture and people drive behavior and thinking