Modules 1-2 Flashcards
Research indicates that family education, income, and occupation strongly influence the academic achievement gap across racial/ethnic groups. Which contextual influence on development does this exemplify?
Socioeconomic Status
A pediatrician provides parents with a chart that plots changes in their child’s height and weight over time. This growth chart represents a ________ in human development.
Physical Domain
You hear an annoying beeping sound if you try to exit your car with the keys still in the ignition. The next time you park your car, you are more likely to take your keys out of the ignition before exiting. What principle of operant conditioning does this reflect?
The law of effect
Children who are seriously reflecting the future, imagining what they want to have when they grow up and planning what it might take to get there have reached Piaget’s _______ stage of cognitive development.
Formal operational
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between sensitivity to negative information over positive (i.e., negativity bias) and hours of sleep at night (i.e., average total sleep time). Correlation research would allow this researcher to _______.
Identify patterns of relationships between two variables, negatively bias and average total sleep time.
A client laments to his therapist, “Who I am and who I want to be don’t match up.” The therapist, whose approach to psychotherapy is influenced by Carl Rogers, describes this as a state of _________.
incongruence
Carlton conducts evaluation research of language enrichment programs for preschool children from low-income families. The objective of this research is to _______.
Assess the effectiveness of an academic enrichment program.
Thompson uses observation and surveys to study how much time children spend playing outside. The objective of this research is to _______.
Describe the occurrence of time spent playing outside.
A therapist advises a client who is struggling to feel motivated to complete schoolwork to watch a favorite TV show after finishing an assignment. This therapist is recommending that the client use ________.
A reinforcer
A shy student, Lila, shows up for her first day at a new school. She would prefer to slip to the back of the class unnoticed. Instead, a friendly, outgoing student, Alex, approaches Lila and invites her to sit at the same table together. Throughout that day, Lila was much more engaged with other students than she normally would have been. Which aspect of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory does this demonstrate?
Reciprocal Determinism
A person who says, “I want to become all I ever dreamed of being and use all my talents and skills to achieve my goals!” Is expressing a desire to achieve which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualization
Parents track the number of new words their toddler learns each day and are surprised by how many new words their child has learned at the end of one month. By charting their child’s language development, these parents are showing an interest in the ________ of human development.
Cognitive Domain
Students in an acting class watch instructors demonstrate stage combat techniques. These students must be able to execute the behavior (i.e., the stage combat techniques) they are trying to learn. Which part of Bandura’s observational learning process does this represent?
Initiation
Childcare practices differ across cultures, and different practices have been found to influence when and how children reach certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling, and walking. Which approach to human development is conveyed by this finding?
Development can follow a different course for each child.
A researcher conducted an in depth study of a child who was raised in isolation and had no contact with same-age peers until age 10. This researcher detailed the child’s development in a number of spheres: physical/motor, language/cognitive, social and emotional. What kind of research method is this?
Case study
