Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC203 > Module three - health psychology > Flashcards

Module three - health psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is health psychology

A

contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of health

A

the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition - WHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the biopsychosocial model

A

includes physical, mental and social wellbeing (should address physiological pathology, mental processes and structural context)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Te Whare Tapa Wha

A

a model of health that incorporates spirituality (physical, mental and emotional, family/social, and spiritual based on our land and roots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Meihana model

A

a maori model focused on a waka sailing towards wellbeing. in the middle are the elements of wellbeing and the person is on one side while their whanau is on the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

socioeconomic status can be operationalised as

A

education, income, transportation, neighbourhood amenities, property ownership or secure tenancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homelessness

A

without shelter, in temporary accomodation, sharing accomodation with a household or living in uninhabitable housing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a housing first approach

A

focus on housing people to reduce some of the harm that already exists before working on other aspects of their mental wellbeing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

impacts of homelessness on health

A

creates a stressful environmental where other aspects of life can’t be worked on, health of finding food being warm etc. lack of access to needed medication, stigma can make progressing forward harder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

addiction

A

when someone’s behaviour is controlled by something (tolerance and withdrawal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stages of change model

A

pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

model to explain addiction recovery

A

motivation is crucial, can be spurred by brief interventions.

can be modelled using the stages of change model.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ko et al. study

A

investigated internet addiction among teens in Taiwan. found males to be more addicted than females. could be a case of a gambling disorder as many were playing computer game, this is different from internet addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction

A

Ko et al, 2005

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diagnostic criteria of addiction

A

greater use than intended, desire to reduce use, excessive time spent, craving, not fulfilling roles, continued use despite negative social, physical, or mental problems, tolerance, withdrawal, given up recreational activities, use in dangerous situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lapse vs. relapse.

A

relapse is going back to where you started whereas a lapse is a step in the wrong direction but not going right back to square one.

during a lapse it is encouraged people get their support in place to avoid going back to a full relapse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prochaska et al. study

A

randomised control trial testing the impact on people having a normal smoking assessment vs. a special and more in-depth one. many people managed to stop smoking regardless of the group but being part of the in-depth group had a more positive benefit (participants were white, american, middle aged, we don’t know long-term quit rates, or if they got support or nicotine therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

limitations and benefits of the stage model

A

no explanation for behaviour onset, assumed insight can/should be gained, treated as a linear process HOWEVER no assumption about readiness to change required, provides structure, can be applied to many health-related behaviours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eating disorder stats

A

1.7% of people struggle, more common in females, all ethnicities and average age onset of 17 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

binge eating disorder criteria

A

reoccurent episodes of binge eating, distress regarding binging, bringing at least one a week of three months or more, no regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours, no weight criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BMI

A

body mass index, limitations is that is can be inaccurate, treats obesity as a disease, no info on fat vs. muscle, stigma, and doesn’t take into account other factors that cause weight gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bulimia nervosa criteria

A

reoccurent episodes of binge eating, compensatory behaviour, at least once a week for three months or more, incorrect self-concept of body shape and weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anorexia nervous criteria

A

restriction of energy intake, insistence of low BMI, intense fear of gaining weight, disturbance in perception of body weight or shape, poor self-concept.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

preoccupation with perceived deficit, repetitive thoughts/behaviours, causes significant distress or impairment in life, no eating disorder or focus on defect other than weight if they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

eat disorder vs. body dysmorphic disorders

A

eating disorder is about food and body dysmorphic disorder is about a defect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Grogan and Richards study

A

qualitative study about men’s body image that found: it is important to be lean, being tone = healthy,

drew on discourses of blame and ridicule for weight, exercise was to avoid becoming overweight, being a body builder was not ideal, exercising to change our body is not much effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

physiological sex

A

determined by chromosomes and assigned at birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

gender

A

role expectations in adulthood and preferences in childhood.

29
Q

gender identity

A

a persons internal or deep felt sense of being male or female, may or may not correspond to their sex.

30
Q

cisgender

A

assigned gender matches sex.

31
Q

gender dysphoria

A

incongruence between ones gender identity and sex (for a least 6 months) clinically significant distress or impairment

also included those with intersex variations (also known as disorders of sex development).

32
Q

medical transgender transition

A

fertility counselling, hormone supplementation, chest reconstruction or augmentation, genital surgery.

33
Q

problems of medicalising gender

A

not all people want gender affirming surgeries, marginalises people with non-binary genders.

34
Q

pros of medicalising distress

A

legitimises distress as real, justifies seeking help, facilitates withdrawal from life stress.

35
Q

cons of medicalising distress

A

focus on individuals, pathologists life experiences, sets up medication as the easy route, distress is seen as less real than physical health condition.

36
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

strokes and heart attacks, stereotypically a more male disease but just as prevalent as women.

37
Q

gender and heart attacks

A

women take longer to respond to symptoms because people assume it is not a heart condition, they also take longer to recover because exercise should be minimal but they still do household chores that make things worse.

38
Q

what does gender dysphoria do

A

allows people to get treatment for being transgender, mental health support as well as surgeries etc.

39
Q

why are beliefs about illness important

A

we often interact with people who are ill,

we will most likely become ill over our lifetime.

40
Q

somatic symptoms disorder criteria

A

one or more somatic systems causing functional impairment, disproportionate thoughts about seriousness, persistent anxiety about symptoms, excessive time devoted to symptoms, lasting six months or more, not fearing illness (symptoms already present) and not intentional or feigned illness.

41
Q

common sense model

A

illness beliefs - appraisal, coping, emotional, interpretations.

42
Q

Lupus

A

autoimmune disease, beliefs of causes are stress, pregnancy, genetic, or a combination of these, can be lifelong or shorter.

43
Q

illness belief summary

A

identity, timeline, causes, consequences, control.

44
Q

beliefs about HIV

A

negative stigma.

45
Q

belief about rheumatoid arthritis

A

caused by genetics, infection, coffee, smoking.

46
Q

beliefs about gout

A

whether it is called gout or irate crystal arthritis changes the perspective on who can get it and what causes it.

47
Q

themes that came across in the McGovock and Treharne study

A

beliefs about causes, beliefs about consequences, reference to personal experience, reference to causal information provided, reference to role of doctors.

48
Q

What is stress

A

stress is caused by stressor in our environment. it is normal to experience stress but if it is chronic it can become damaging for health.

49
Q

acute stress disorder criteria

A

anxiety following a traumatic stressor, intrusive memories or dissociation and hyper vigilance or avoidance, lasting for 3 days to 1 month (longer is PTSD), causes impairment and not due to substance, head injury etc.

50
Q

the transaction model

A

life events cause chronic daily hassles (minor unpleasant events) stress is an ongoing process of transaction between the individual and their environment.

51
Q

primary appraisals

A

STRESS harm (negative events of the past), threat (negative outcome), challenge (positive outcome).

52
Q

secondary appraisals

A

COPING self (can i cope), help (who can help me)

53
Q

ways of coping

A

problem focussed, emotion focussed, meaning focussed.

54
Q

coping methods depending on the stressor

A

a practical approach is not likely to help a chronic illness so an emotional coping strategy might be more important.

55
Q

does CBT help stress

A

yes studies show that CBT can help people with chronic illness and dealing with stress

56
Q

defining compliance.

A

taking medications exactly as prescribed (non-compliance is intentionally not taking medications as intended).

57
Q

the paternalistic model

A

related to compliance, there is a power difference between doctors and patients, Doctor alone makes the treatment decision.

58
Q

defining adherence

A

choosing to take medication as prescribed and the degree to which the follow the treatment plans etc. (non adherence has the same outcomes as non-compliance).

59
Q

poor adherence

A

defined by APA under psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, having a medical condition and performing behaviours that adversely affect the medical condition, not better explained by a mental disorder.

60
Q

examples of objective assessments of adherence.

A

tracers (dose of safe substance within treatment so levels of the safe substance can be measured in the blood to see if medication has been taken, electronic monitoring where there is a microchip that records the time the medication bottle was opened.

61
Q

the health belief model

A

a cost-benefit analysis of likelihood of action, weighing up the costs and benefits of medication and making a decision.

62
Q

how can we improve adherence

A

reducing concerns, increasing belief in medication, providing help for younger patients.

63
Q

defining concordance

A

an alternative model to paternalism where the doctor gives patients all the options (autonomists) or all the information about a chosen option (delegators).

64
Q

how is concordance achieved

A

discussing if the person is a delegator or autonomist, informing about treatments, using tools to inform about the probability of risks and benefits.

65
Q

Wansick et al. study conclusion

A

most chose the food that the hero would have eaten.

66
Q

discourses

A

shared way of understanding (often the dominant or most common beliefs.

67
Q

pros and cones of health in the media

A

can inform about different conditions and raise awareness, but many conditions are on a spectrum so it might be an inaccurate representation.

68
Q

points on media representation of illness

A

people are active in selecting the media they view, they reproduce discourses as well as facts, highlight the biopsychological model over biomedicine, and things are sensationalised for entertainment.

PSYC203 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions