MODULE J Flashcards
the 6 Nutrients are
- Water – the most essential nutrient for life
- Fats – help the body store energy
- Carbohydrates – supply the body with energy and extra protein
- Protein – essential for tissue growth and repair and supply the body
with energy - Vitamins – needed by the body to function
- Minerals – help build bones, make hormones, and help in blood
formation
Most Essential Nutrient
Water
Importance of water in the Body
o Helps move oxygen and nutrients into cells and removes waste
products out of cells
o Helps with digestion and absorption of food
o Helps maintain temperature by perspiration
Aspiration
accidental breathing in of food, fluid, vomit, or other object into the lungs
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
With dysphagia, there is a danger in aspiration
Fluid Balance
when fluids taken in equal the fluids eliminated
Intake
amount of fluids taken in each day
NPO
nothing by mouth
Nutrition
when the body takes in and uses foods and fluids to maintain health
Output
amount of fluids eliminated each day
Advancing a Diet
food is gradually reintroduced to the resident due to surgery,
in preparation for a procedure, or illness
Resident may start out NPO (nothing by mouth) > ice chips >
clear liquids > full liquids >mechanical soft >regular diet
Force Fluids
medical order for person to drink more fluids
Restrict Fluids
medical order for person to limit fluids taken in
Serving Amount
shows the amount that is equal to one serving of a food or
beverage
Serving Size
shows the NUMBER of servings in a package or container of food
or beverage
shows the amount that is equal to one serving of a food or
beverage
Methods to Determine Serving Size
- Weighing the food
- Using the hand as a frame of reference
Serving Sizes Using the Hand
- Palm – 3 ounces (meat, poultry, fish)
2* Handful – 1 ounce (nuts, raisins, small candies) - Woman’s fist – 1 cup
- 2 handfuls – 1 ounce ((chips, popcorn, pretzels)
- Thumb – 1 ounce or 1 tablespoon (peanut butter, hard cheese)
- Thumb tip – 1 teaspoon (cooking oil, mayo, butter, sugar)
Deck of cards – 3 ounces (meat, poultry, fish)
Baseball – 1 cup (rice, fruit, veggies, cereal, pasta)
Postage stamp – butter
The Diet Card
Prepared by dietary department based on doctor’s order
The Regular Diet
. Ordered by the doctor
- A basic, well-balanced diet
Without limits or restrictions
Special Diets
Also called therapeutic or modified diet
- Ordered by the doctor and planned by dietician with input from
resident - May restrict or totally eliminate certain foods or fluids, based on
illness (i.e. Celiac Disease), in preparation for procedures, or to
meet nutritional needs
Enteral nutrition
1.feeds the resident through a feeding tube into the gastrointestinal tract, through the nose and directly into the stomach (naso-gastric tube), or
2. into the stomach through the
abdomen (gastrostomy)
Nurse is responsible for care of resident’s gastrostomy
Nurse aide must keep the head of bed elevated per facility
policy
Intravenous (IV) Fluids
feeds the resident through a vein
Nurse is responsible for care of resident’s gastrostomy
Nurse aide reports low supply of fluid in bag
