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CDC II > Module I: Pharmacology of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

Module I: Pharmacology of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

_______ refers to refraining from further substance use or addictive behavior; no substance use.

A. Abstinence

B. Relapse Potential

C. Slip

D. Anhedonia

A

A. Abstinence

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2
Q

True or false: The Limbic system is part of the the central nervous system and is responsible for emotions, It appears to be the memory site of emotions, feelings of shame, joy, anger, and remorse occur here.

A

True.

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3
Q

A type of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter found in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, reticular activating system and parasympathetic nervous system and that is affected by hallucinogens, caffeine, and nicotine.

A. Androgen

B. Anxiolytic

C. Acetylcholine

D. All of the above

A

C. Acetylcholine

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3
Q

True or false: Stopping a medication “cold turkey” means slowly titrating off until total abstinence is obtained.

A

False.
“Cold Turkey” refers to abruptly quitting the use of a medication or substance/drug.

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4
Q

True or false: A designer psychoactive substance is one used primarily by celebrities.

A

False.
Designer psychoactive substances are specifically invented with different molecular chemical formula of similar controlled substances to evade law enforcement.

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5
Q

Chronic liver disease due to scarring and damage to the liver is called:

A. HIV

B. Hepatitis A

C. Primary Biliary Cholangitis

D. Cirrhosis

A

D. Cirrhosis

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6
Q

A reaction to a substance or medication that was undesirable.

A. Antagonism

B. Flashbacks

C. Harm Reaction

D. Adverse Reaction

A

D. Adverse Reaction

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7
Q

An example of a central nervous system depressant drug is:

A. Methamphetamine

B. Atomoxetine

C. Valium (Diazepam)

D. Dextroamphetamine

A

C. Valium (Diazepam).

Methamphetamine, Atomoxetine, and Dextroamphetamine and Central Nervous System stimulants, not depressant.

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8
Q

Adenosine is:

A. A type of neurotransmitter

B. An inhibitory neuromodulator that is affected by caffeine consumption

C. A substance that relieves pain

A

B. An inhibitory neuromodulator that is affected by caffeine consumption

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9
Q

A _______ neurotransmitter tells a neuron not to send a message to its targeted cells.

A. Excitatory

B. Marinol

C. Inhibitory

D. Mu opioid receptor

A

C. Inhibitory

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10
Q

According to the DSM-5 Criterion, how many symptoms of a substance use disorder are there?

A. 8

B. 11

C. 5

D. 13

A

B. 11

Amount, Control, Time, Cravings, Obligations, Social, Importance, Risk, Harm, Tolerance, and Withdrawal.

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11
Q

The medical model of addiction considers adduction to be what?

A. A disease that progresses in an orderly fashion.

B. A social issue that needs global attention.

C. An individual issue of will-power.

D. A biomedical event rather than a social event.

A

D. A biomedical event rather than a social event.

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12
Q

A psychoactive substance that binds to a neuronal receptor site and activates the receptor as if it was the neurotransmitter.

A. Antagonist

B. Anxiolytics

C. Agonist

D. Analogues

A

C. Agonist

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13
Q

_______ is a substance that act as a sedative on the central nervous system.

A. Depressant

B. Stimulant

C. Hallucinogen

A

A. Depressant

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14
Q

What are the four levels of substance use?

A. No SUD, Some SUD, Severe SUD, Unmanageable SUD

B. Minimal SUD, Mild SUD, Moderate SUD, Severe SUD.

C. No SUD, Mild SUD, Moderate SUD, Severe SUD

D. No SUD, Moderate SUD, Severe SUD, Dependent SUD

A

C. No SUD, Mild SUD, Moderate SUD, Severe SUD

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15
Q

Psychoactive substance intended to imitate naturally occurring hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

A. Anabolic Steroids

B. Antagonists

C. Congener

D. Dopamine

A

A. Anabolic Steroids

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16
Q

True or false: Analgesic is a chemical substance that is similar to another.

A

False.
Analgesic is a substance that relieves pain.
Analogues are a chemical substance that is similar to another.

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17
Q

True or false: Hashish and hashish oil are considered Schedule I substances.

A

True.

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18
Q

True or false: Buprenorphine is a synthetic narcotic used as a replacement therapy for opioid dependence.

A

True.

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19
Q

True or false: Anhedonia is an emotional state that includes deep depression and the inability to experience any pleasure.

A

True.

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20
Q

Antipsychotics are a group of medications used to treat:

A. Severe distortions in thought, perceptions, and emotion

B. Panic attacks and generalized anxiety

C. Intense feelings of paranoia and fear

D. Hallucinations and panic disorders

A

A. Severe distortions in thought, perceptions, and emotion.

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21
Q

Schedule I drugs are drugs with:

A. A high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

B. A moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

C. No currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

D. Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

A

C. No currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

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22
Q

Schedule II drugs are drugs with:

A. No currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

B. A moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

C. Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

D. A high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

A

D. A high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

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23
Q

Schedule III drugs are drugs with:

A. A moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

B. No currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

C. A high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

D. Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

A

A. A moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

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24
Q

Schedule IV drugs are drugs with:

A. A moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

B. Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

C. A high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

D. No currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

A

B. Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

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25
Q

True or false: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed generation of antidepressants that block the reuptake of seratonin.

A

True.

26
Q

________ are psychoactive substances that reduce anxiety.

A. Anticonvulsants

B. Antipsychotics

C. Anxiolytics

D. Inhalants

A

C. Anxiolytics

27
Q

True or false: The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcoholic drinks you’ve consumed in the last 2 hours.

A

False.

BAC is the level of alcohol in the blood.

28
Q

True or false: An assessment is an evaluation of a person’s medical, psychological, and substance use history, current health status, symptoms of addiction, potential withdrawal syndrome, and related health concerns.

A

True.

29
Q

True or false: Dopamine is a naturally-occurring hormone that is released during times of stress, resulting in elevated blood sugar and enhanced metabolism.

A

False.
Cortisol is a naturally-occurring hormone that is released during times of stress, resulting in elevated blood sugar and enhanced metabolism.

30
Q

__________ are characterized by uncontrollable tremors, hallucinations, and anxiety with increased risk for seizures.

A. Opioid withdrawal

B. Delirium tremens

C. Coke bugs

D. Detoxification

A

B. Delirium tremens

31
Q

True or false: Psychological effects are alterations in perceptions and/or judgements caused by a psychoactive substance.

A

True.

32
Q

Your _______ nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that monitors unconscious bodily functions, such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion.

A. Autonomic

B. Central

C. Somatic

A

A. Autonomic

33
Q

________ are a class of sedative-hypnotic drugs that are in the family of depressants and used to reduce anxiety and increase sedation. Only a few are used due to it’s unpredictable nature.

A. Benzodiazepine

B. Barbiturates

C. Antipsychotics

D. Antidepressants

A

B. Barbiturates

34
Q

What is the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) used to determine?

A. How often an individual has been using opiates.

B. The best option for opiate replacement therapy.

C. The severity of opioid withdrawal.

A

C. The severity of opioid withdrawal.

35
Q

Sedative-hypnotics are substances used to:

A. Reduce withdrawal symptoms

B. Reduce psychosis symptoms

C. Increase alertness and energy

D. Alleviate anxiety and induce sleep

A

D. Alleviate anxiety and induce sleep

36
Q

The stages of change model has how many stages?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 3

A

B. 5

37
Q

What are the stages of change?

A. Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance

B. Preparation, Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, Maintenance

C. Action, Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Maintenance

D. Maintenance, Action, Preparation, Contemplation, Precontemplation

A

A. Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance

38
Q

Relapse typically happens during which stage of change?

A. Contemplation

B. Preparation

C. Maintenance

D. Any of them

A

D. Any of them

39
Q

True or false: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found int he basal ganglia, limbic system, and hypothalamus. It functions in the brain as a neurotransmitter to provide feelings of pleasure and well-being.

A

True.

40
Q

A psychoactive substance that alters perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

A. Anti-depressant

B. Hallucinogen

C. Anxiolytics

D. Inhalants

A

B. Hallucinogen

41
Q

Rapid detox is:

A. Detoxing by titrating down off the drug via legal medications.

B. Injection high doses of an opiate followed by an infusion of naloxone.

C. Detoxing by going “cold turkey” and no longer taking any substances.

A

B. Injection high doses of an opiate followed by an infusion of naloxone.

42
Q

A dually-diagnosed client is:

A. A person who has been diagnosed with two or more substance-abuse diagnoses.

B. A person who has used two or more substances at one time.

C. A person who has been clinically diagnosed with both a mental health disorder and substance use disorder.

A

C. A person who has been clinically diagnosed with both a mental health disorder and substance use disorder.

43
Q

The ______ is the amount of time necessary to eliminate half of the original dose of a psychoactive substance from the body.

A. Half-life.

B. Dose efficiency

C. Time of use

D. Time to dose again

A

A. Half-life.

44
Q

True or false: Endogenous opioids are natural opioids called endorphins and enkephalins found throughout the human body that combat pain and stress.

A

True.

45
Q

______ are manifestations of one or more of the acute effects of the psychoactive substance that recur long after it was taken.

A. Habituation

B. Tremors

C. Flashbacks

D. Elimination

A

C. Flashbacks

46
Q

Xanthines are a type of naturally occurring stimulant that includes:

A. Caffeine

B. Theophylline

C. Theobromine

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

47
Q

True or false: Tolerance is when one must take larger amounts of the same substance in order to receive the same affects of the original dose.

A

True.

48
Q

True or false: Psychosocial therapy includes specific types of individual, couples, family, and group therapies that have been shown to help individual enhance their coping skills, navigate high-risk behavior, encourage attendance at self-help meetings, and/or alter environments to reduce pressures to use.

A

True.

49
Q

The first generation of antidepressants that precents the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

B. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

C. Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)

D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

50
Q

True or false: Physiological effects are an altered physiological state produced by the repeated administration of a psychoactive substance that necessitates the continued administration of the substance to prevent withdrawal.

A

False.

Physiological effects are physical signs and symptoms of a psychoactive substance.

Physical dependence is an altered physiological state produced by the repeated administration of a psychoactive substance that necessitates the continued administration of the substance to prevent withdrawal.

51
Q

A medication used to block the effects of an opioid agonists and prevent overdose.

A. Naltrexone

B. Naloxone

C. Buprenorphine

D. Atomoxetine

A

B. Naloxone

52
Q

Negative reinforcement is:

A. Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

B. Adding a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

C. Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

D. Removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

A

C. Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

53
Q

True or false: The parasympathetic nervous system is made up of all the neurons outside of the central nervous system.

A

False.

The parasympathetic nervous system is a secondary system of the autonomic nervous system that, when activated, will decrease breathing, heart rate, etc.

The Peripheral nervous system is all the neurons outside of the central nervous system.

54
Q

________ are withdrawal symptoms that continue beyond the acute phase of withdrawal.

A. Psychological dependence

B. Post-acute withdrawal syndrome

C. Opioid withdrawals

D. Tolerance

A

B. Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome

55
Q

Pharmacotherapy is:

A. The use of medication to treat psychoactive substance use disorders.

OR

B. The use of specific types of therapy, including individual, couples, and group therapy.

A

A. The use of medication to treat psychoactive substance use disorders.

56
Q

What is the fastest route of administration into the brain?

A. Injection

B. Snorting

C. Inhalation

D. Ingestion

A

C. Inhalation, taking 7 to 10 seconds.

57
Q

What is the most direct route of administration to the brain?

A. Snorting

B. Inhalation

C. Contact

D. Injection

A

D. Injection, taking 15 to 30 seconds.

58
Q

How long does it take a substance to reach the brain when the method of administration is snorting?

A. 1-2 minutes

B. 3-5 minutes

C. 10-15 minutes

D. 30 seconds

A

B. 3-5 minutes

59
Q

How long does it take a substance to reach the brain when the method of administration is ingestion?

A. 1-2 hours

B. 10-15 minutes

C. 60-90 minutes

D. 20-90 minutes

A

D. 20-90 minutes, dependent upon gastric fluids, contents in stomach and intestines, and amount absorbed.

60
Q

Types of hallucinogens include:

A. LSD

B. Mescaline

C. Ketamine

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

61
Q

A standard drink is considered:

A. 4 oz of wine

B. 12oz of beer

C. 2oz of 80-proof distilled spirits

D. All of the above

A

B. 12oz of beer

Standard drinks include:
12oz of beer, 8-9oz of malt liquor, 5oz of wine, or 1.5oz of 80-proof distilled spirits.

62
Q

True or false: The levels of alcohol use are: Abstention, Experimentation, Social/Recreational Use, Habituation, Abuse, Dependence.

A

True.

CDC II (5 decks)

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