Module I: Basic Sciences Flashcards
What are the subdivisions of the Nervous System?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
The cells of the nervous system are called?
Neurons
The junction (space) between two nerves is called a?
Synapse
This process is dependent upon chemical substances that enable transmission of the wave of depolarization across the cleft from one nerve into the next.
neurotransmitters
What is the the nerve that allows us to see?
Optic nerve
What is the nerve that allows us to smell?
Olfactory nerve
What is the nerve that supplies sensation to the teeth and jaws?
Trigeminal Nerve
What is the flow of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, left ventricle
Ventricular relaxation is called what?
Diastolic phase
Ventricular contraction is called what?
Systolic phase
The number of cardiac cycles, or heart rate is usually what?
60 to 100 beats per minute.
Any rate below 60 beats is called?
Bradycardia
Any rate greater than 100 is called?
Tachycardia
Normal function of the heart’s conduction system:
SA node
The SA node is termed the heart’s:
Pacemaker
A heart experiencing a lack of oxygen is called?
Hypoxia
What is a reversal of electrical charge of the conducting fiber?
Wave of depolarization
A return of the initial state of electrical charge is called?
Repolarization
The reflection of depolarization is called?
P wave
The reflection of the activity producing ventricular contraction is called?
The QRS complex
The reflection of repolarization is called?
T wave
What artery goes up into the neck, and into the right subclavian artery that goes into the arm?
Common Carotid Artery
\What is the space between the nasal cavity and the trachea?
Pharynx
What is the portion above the back of the soft palate is called what?
Nasopharynx
What is the soft tissue valve located at the base of the tongue and covers the Larynx? It also allows air in and out of the lungs.
Epiglottis
What procedure involves the passage of a large needle into the trachea?
Chricothyrotomy
What are the air sacs that look like small bunches of grapes and come in contact with the capillaries of the bloodstream?
Alveoli
Normal levels of blood volume made up of RBC’s are what for females and males?
Females: 35-45% Males: 42-52%
Normal levels of hemoglobin for males and females are what?
Females: 12-16 g/100 mL Males: 14-18 g/100 mL
The area where gases are not exchanged is called what?
dead space
Inhaled and exhaled is refereed to a person’s what?
tidal volume
The rhythm of inspiration and expiration is established in what?
The respiratory center
Normal adult respiration rate is what?
12 to 16 respirations per minute at rest
The Islets of Langerhans are located where?
Pancreas
Small glands that sit atop the kidneys bilaterally.
Adrenal glands
Too wide of a blood pressure cuff can result in a what?
Low reading
Too narrow of a blood pressure can result in a what?
High reading
History, physical, previous medical problems and drug allergies are examples of what?
Pre-operative evaluation
The normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs?
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
What chemical substance does the Parasympathetic Nervous System excrete?
Acetylcholine
