Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FENDER'S EEG SCHOOL > MODULE I - BASIC BRAIN ACTIVITY > Flashcards

MODULE I - BASIC BRAIN ACTIVITY Flashcards

(A) BRAIN (B) NEURONS (C) HEMISPHERES (D) LOBES (E0 LANDMARKS

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the ventricles in the brain?

A

production and distribution of cerebral spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many main ventricles are there in the brain, and what are they called?

A

There are four main ventricles in the brain: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The ventricles of the brain are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A

clear colorless liquid that that forms a protective layer around the brain; also removes toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is hydrocephalus - revise further and add more (important)

A

when CSF circulation is blocked (perhaps by a tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is brocas found?

A

in the left frontal lobe, near the temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in the vast majority where does brocas reside

A

in the left cerebral hemisphere, above the Sylvian fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the important role of brocas

A

speech production and language processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is brocas aphasia?

A

Patients will experience difficulty in finding words and phrases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of wernicke’s area

A

language comprehension, understanding speech and written language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is wernicke’s area

A

in the cortex of the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain, typically in the posterior part, near the junction between the temporal and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is wernicke’s aphasia

A

damage to the Wernicke’s region results in a deficit where patients are unable to words more symbols whether auditory, tactile or visual. actually is meaningless word usage (more like word salad). The person thinks they are speaking logically but they are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for?

A

processing somatic sensations, or sensations from the body that include touch, proprioception (i.e. the position of the body in space), nociception (i.e. pain), and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex located

A

in a ridge of cortex called the postcentral gyrus; posterior of the Rolandic fissure and anterior of the parietal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the motor cortex

A

is a region of the posterior of the frontal lobe known as the precentral gyrus: also anterior of the Rolandic fissure. And stretching right temporal lobe to left temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

purpose of the motor cortex

A

involved with voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two primary regions of the motor cortex

A

primary motor cortex and the nonprimary motor cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located

A

the precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the primary motor cortex responsible for

A

motor control of different parts of the body and contains a motor map of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A

under the posterior and inferior region of the cerebral cortex (back and below of the cerbreal cortex) - and directly inferior of the occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are functions of the cerebellum

A

balance, timing, movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the functions of the spinocerebellum

A

it is involved with posture, limb movement, and eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what part of the brain has the largest collection of white matter [check/verify]

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the corpus callosum

A

a large, C-shaped nerve fiber bundle that stretches across the midline of the brain, connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and allows data/information to be transferred between hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a corpus callosotomy

A

corpus callosum surgically severed–usually to stop the spread of epileptic seizures (prevent a focal seizure from generalizing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the 3 components of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

describe the brain stem

A

stalk that leaves the base of the brain and connects the brain to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the medulla oblangada responsible for

A

voluntary functions; reflexive actions, including vomiting, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the pons responsible for

A

breathing, respiratory - motor movement of the eyes, face, and mouth, hearing, equilibrium, and autonomic functions like tear and saliva production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the mid brain responsible for

A

wakefulness, temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the lowest part of the brainstem

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is perhaps the most important action of the medulla

A

regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the the 2 important tracts for movement found in the triangular bundles of fiber in the medulla

A

The corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where is the mid brain located?

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

where is the pons found

A

found above the medulla and below the midbrain

36
Q

how is the pons attached to the cerebellum

A

by the middle cerebellar peduncles, a major pathway between the brainstem and cerebellum

37
Q

in which ventricle is the pons found

A

the fourth ventricle

38
Q

what is the main function of the thalamus

A

a relay station for information that is traveling to the cortex

39
Q

how is the thalamus described

A

as a relay station because a great deal of the information that proceeds to the cortex first stops in the thalamus before being sent on to its destination

40
Q

what are the ventricles

A

a network of cavities that are distributed throughout the brain

41
Q

what is the choroid plexus composed of

A

glial cells called ependymal cells

42
Q

what is the name of the cell in the ventricles that secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

describe the CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF as it is commonly called, is a clear colorless liquid that performs a number of important functions in the brain. Among other things, csf surrounds the brain, forming a protective layer and suspending the brain in fluid, which reduces the strain forces like gravity would have on the brain. Also, it constantly flows through and around the brain removing toxins and regulating the extracellular environment of neurons.

44
Q

What are the two sets of blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the brain

A

The vertebral and carotid arteries

45
Q

Where is the circle of Willis located?

A

Near the bottom of the brain

46
Q

What is the function of the circle of Willis

A

blood vessels that circulate blood from the front of the brain to the back of the brain

47
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus

A

Supports. Memory, learning, navigation and perception of space

48
Q

What is the function of the amygdala

A

regulates emotion and memory and are associated with the brain’s reward system, stress, and the fight or flight response

49
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, synchronizes sleep patterns, controls hunger and thirst and also plays a role in some aspects of memory and emotion

50
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal

51
Q

What is the name of the protective covering that surround the brain and spinal chord?

A

The meninges

52
Q

The meninges consists of 3 layers of protective covering - what are they called

A

The dura mater, the arachnoid mater, the pia mater

53
Q

What is the corpus callous?

A

It is a C-shaped structure of white matter and nerves pathways found in the centre of the two halves of the brain (in the centre of the cerebrum)

54
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum

55
Q

What are the two main components of the central nervous system CNS?

A

The brain and the spinal chord

56
Q

What is the Neuron?

A

A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that is responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, functioning as the basic building blocks that enable communication between different parts of the body.

57
Q

What are the main parts of a neuron?

A

Neurons consist of parts: Cell Body (Soma), Nucleus, Dendrites, Axon Hillock, Axon, Myelin sheath, Schwann Cells, Nodes of Ranvir, Terminus, Synapsis.

58
Q

What is the function of the Cell Body (Soma) in a neuron?

A

It integrates incoming signals, maintains the neuron’s health and generates outgoing signals to the axon.

59
Q

What role does the Nucleus play in a neuron?

A

It regulates cellular activities and contains the cell’s genetic material.

60
Q

What is the function of Dendrites in a neuron?

A

They receive signals from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses.

61
Q

What is the role of the Axon Hillock in a neuron?

A

It initiates action potentials when incoming signals are strong enough.

62
Q

What function does the axon serve in a neuron?

A

It transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

63
Q

What is the function of the Mylen Sheath in a neuron?

A

It insulates the axon and speeds up impulse transmission.

64
Q

What role do Schwann Cells play in the nervous system?

A

They produce the myelin sheath and support peripheral neurons.

65
Q

What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier in a neuron?

A

They facilitate faster impulse transmission by allowing saltatory conduction.

66
Q

What is the function of the Axon Terminus?

A

It releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells.

67
Q

What role does a synapse play in neuronal communication?

A

It is the junction where neurotransmitters are exchanged between neurons.

68
Q

What’s the difference between neurophysiology and neurology

A

Both pertain to the nervous system but differ in their focus and scope.
Neurophysiology has to do with where the brain meets the body. Neurology has to do with only the brain.

69
Q

What are the brain hemispheres?

A

The brain hemispheres are the two symmetrical parts of the brain, the right and left hemispheres, each responsible for different functions within the body. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.

70
Q

What functions does the left hemisphere perform?

A

The left hemisphere is responsible for logical thinking, mathematical skills, analysis, and language abilities. It also controls the right side of the body.

71
Q

What functions does the right hemisphere perform?

A

The right hemisphere is responsible for creativity, spatial abilities, imagination, and understanding emotions. It also controls the left side of the body.

72
Q

How many lobes are in the brain, and what are they called?

A

The brain has four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

73
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

The frontal is responsible for functions related to thinking, planning, decision-making, behavior control, and movement.

74
Q

What functions does the parietal lobe perform?

A

The parietal lobe processes sensory information, such as touch, pressure, pain, and temperature, and is essential for spatial thinking.

75
Q

What role does the temporal lobe play?

A

The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing, processing sounds, memory, and understanding speech.

76
Q

What functions does the occipital lobe perform?

A

The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and interpreting visual stimuli.

77
Q

What are brain landmarks?

A

Brain landmarks are anatomical structures and lines on the brain’s surface that help identify its main zones and regions.

78
Q

What are the primary landmarks on the brain’s surface?

A

The primary landmarks include the central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure), the lateral sulcus (or Sylvian fissure), and longitudinal fissure.

79
Q

What is the Central Sulcus (Rolandic Fissure)?

A

The Central Sulcus is a groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes, marking the boundary between the areas responsible for motor and sensory functions.

80
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure) ?

A

The Lateral sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe and is an important landmark for identifying brain regions related to auditory and language functions.

81
Q

What is the Longitudinal fissure?

A

The Longitudinal fissure is a deep groove that divides the brain into left and right hemispheres.

82
Q

What are EEG Landmarks?

A

EEG landmarks are specific points on the scalp used to accurately place electrodes for measuring brain activity. Common landmarks include the nasion, inion, and preauricular points.

83
Q

Why are landmarks important in EEG measurements?

A

Landmarks ensure that electrodes are placed consistently according to the 10-20 system, providing reliable and reproducible measurements of electrical activity in different brain areas.

84
Q

What is the 10-20 system in EEG?

A

The 10-20 system is a standardized method for electrode placement, where electrodes are positioned at intervals of 10% or 20% of the distance between the key landmarks, covering all major brain areas.

85
Q

How are EEG landmarks used to identify brain regions.

A

EEG landmarks guide electrode placement over specific brain areas, such as the frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, allowing targeted recording of brain activity related to these areas.

86
Q

What are the nasion and inion in EEG measurement?

A

The nasion is the point at the bridge of the nose, and the inion is the bump at the back of the skull. They are used as reference points to help position EEG electrodes accurately across the scalp.

FENDER'S EEG SCHOOL (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions