Module Four

Question 1

What is person-centred communication

Answer 1

Respectful and responsive to client’s needs, values and preferences
Attentive to developing interpersonal relationships
Culturally sensitive
Empowering

Question 2

What are key areas for effective communication

Answer 2

Best practice assessment
Education
Advocacy for client’s wants
Reflection

Question 3

Define cultural awareness

Answer 3

understands there are difference in beliefs and practices and may have an understanding of specific rituals and practices of one or more cultures

Question 4

Define cultural sensitivity

Answer 4

health professional is aware of differences and is able to reflect on the influences of their own life experience and how this may impact on their interactions with others

Question 5

Define cultural safety

Answer 5

achieved when a client perceives their healthcare was delivered in a manner that respected and maintained their cultural integrity

Question 6

Define interpersonal communication

Answer 6

Professional and personal

• Professional are therapeutic relationships
• Personal includes friendships, intimate or romantic
• Language should be appropriate for the relationship

Question 7

Define power imbalance

Answer 7

the health professional may be perceived as the expert, however, the client must feel comfortable and be aware that they are an equal partner – use of skills of engagement, communication helps to even power balance

Question 8

Define professional boundaries

Answer 8

relaxed dress codes can blur boundaries, inviolable boundaries include physical, verbal and sexual abuse (boundaries to never be broken) and grey areas are requests for information from client about the health professional e.g. marital status

Question 9

Define self-disclosure

Answer 9

giving personal information – the context (respectful of confidentiality, but aware of mandatory reporting)

Question 10

Define collaborative approach

Answer 10

promotes empowerment and control over health issue – a vital step towards wellbeing in those living with a chronic disease

Question 11

Why should client be used instead of patient

Answer 11

Patient implies imbalance of power

Question 12

What is another term for non-compliant

Answer 12

Reinforces unequal power relationship and can contribute to lack of investigation into reasons a person is refusing a treatment
There are many reasons that could affect a person - side effects, poor communication on benefits and risks, costs, belief that they are better

Alternatively, ‘non-concordance’ could be used to respect the collaborative process of the professional-client relationship

Question 13

Can person-centered care be applied at individual and organisational level

Answer 13

Yes
Organisational includes policies, procedures, care planning
Person’s needs at heart of the system

Question 14

What principle underlies person-centred practice

Answer 14

Holistic approach - empowers client

Question 15

Describe origins of person centered partnership

Answer 15

Derived from client-centered approach and was based on living with dementia – based on empathy

Question 16

Describe origins of recovery-orientated practice partnership

Answer 16

Developed in mental health context in recognition of limitations of curative approach of medical model

Question 17

What are the aims of recovery orientated practice

Answer 17

Listen 
Prioritise goals 
Believe in clients 
Shift focuses from the sick role 
Encourage self-help 
Offer options in treatment 
Provide ongoing support

Question 18

What are challenges for health professionals giving chronic disease management

Answer 18

Client’s don’t always follow advice

Client’s can know more about their condition than health professional

Question 19

How does the health belief model influence partnerships

Answer 19

Provides insight to how people make decisions about their health and includes:

• Perception of threat to their health (severity and susceptibility)
• Belief that the health measure will reduce the threat
• Moderated by demographics: education, gender, age

Question 20

How does theory of planned behaviour influence partnerships

Answer 20

attitudes about behaviours, subjective norms and control, influence behavioural intention and subsequent behaviour

Question 21

How does health locus of control influence partnerships

Answer 21

Is useful in understanding whether client believes their health is controlled by internal factors (belief in themselves) or external factors (belief in fate or doctors/health professionals)

Question 22

Describe multidisciplinary approach

Answer 22

Team utilises skills and experience of individuals from different disciplines, approaching the patient from their own perspective. Involves separate individual consultations

• Often team leader e.g. medical specialist, makes decision make on team findings
• Requires clearly established channels of communication e.g. team meetings, documentation in language that spans different disciplines

Question 23

Describe interdisciplinary approach

Answer 23

Integrate separate discipline approaches into a single consultation. Mutually shared patient-centred goals are established by team, together with patient, at the one time

• Draws on knowledge from a range of disciplines to provide holistic care
• Interprofessional education (IPE) – promotes greater understanding and appreciation of the skills in the health care team and the benefits of an interprofessional understanding

Question 24

What is a functional analysis of behaviour

Answer 24

THE ABC MODEL provides structure for identifying potential causes or external factors contributing to behaviour changes

Question 25

Describe the ABC model

Answer 25

Antecedent – what is the likely stimulus/precipitating factor e.g. work, diet, declined business
Behaviour – what is the behaviour change (avoid labelling) e.g. denial, lack exercise, anger, eating, isolation, refusal to take medication
Consequence – any action that results directly from the behaviour either by the person or others e.g. high risk another MI, depression

Question 26

What does the ABC model allow us to find out

Answer 26

Once you consider the ABC’s of behaviour change, you may be able to identify the main function (reason) of the behaviour e.g. seeking reward, escape negative feelings sch as anxiety & depression, attention, peer pressure, feeling disempowered, external LOC

Question 27

Why is the ABC model so important

Answer 27

Supporting clients to modify behaviours requires an understanding of ALL the factors contributing to these behaviours - need to understand routines, life experiences, physical and psychological and emotional health issues, social & environmental factors & how illness impacts their life and support network

Question 28

What are sources of information

Answer 28

Diaries
Behavior charts
Sleep charts, BSL charts
Corroborating information

Question 29

What are contributors that lead to function of the behaviour

Answer 29

Predisposing – from life story, personality or medical history
Precipitating – antecedents
Perpetuating - are those that are contributing to the continuation of the behaviour
Protective