Module- Food Nutrients

Question 1

What does the body use lipids (fats) for and what are they made up of?

Answer 1

The body uses lipids for insulation to keep us warm, to give us energy. Lipids are made up of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 attached fatty acids.

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made up of and what does the body use them for?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of single sugars. The body uses carbohydrates to give us energy.

Question 3

What does the body use proteins for and what are they made up of

Answer 3

Proteins are used for growth and the repair of body tissue, they are made up of long chains of amino acids.

Question 4

Mouth

Answer 4

Mouth -Physical digestion by teeth

- Chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

A muscular sac lined with mucous. Food is mixed with stomach acid (Hydrochloric acid) and digestive enzymes and churned (mixed up).

Question 6

Bile Duct

Answer 6

Tube like structure which carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Question 7

Pancreas

Answer 7

A gland (leaf-shaped) below the stomach that produces digestive enzymes that help break down food.

Question 8

Small Intestine

Answer 8

Long thin tube that food moves through after the stomach. Digested food is absorbed from the small intestine into
bloodstream. More enzymes are produced here to break down food further. The blood then transports the nutrients to all body cells.

Question 9

Rectum

Answer 9

The lower part of the large intestine, where the undigested food called faeces (poo) is stored before it leaves the body.

Question 10

Anus

Answer 10

The muscular opening at the end of the digestive system from which faeces (poo) leaves the body.

Question 11

Large Intestine

Answer 11

Water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from undigested food. Passes undigested food to the rectum.

Question 12

Duodenum

Answer 12

The first part of the small intestine. Receives food from the stomach, absorption starts here.

Question 13

Gall Bladder

Answer 13

A small sac below the liver. It stores and releases bile into the small intestine.

Question 14

Liver

Answer 14

A large organ that produces a green liquid called bile that neutralises stomach acid and helps break down fats into tiny droplets.

Question 15

Oesophagus

Answer 15

A tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach by muscular contractions called ‘peristalsis’

Question 16

What is a cell

Answer 16

The basic building block of life e.g. muscle cell

Question 17

Tissue

Answer 17

Formed by lots of similar cells working together to perform the same function e.g. muscle cell

Question 18

Organ

Answer 18

Formed by lots of tissues working together e.g. lungs, heart.

Question 19

Organ system

Answer 19

Lots of organs working together in a system e.g. circulatory system

Question 20

Organism

Answer 20

Is all of the body systems working together

Question 21

What are nutrients

Answer 21

Nutrients are chemicals found in food, main food nutrients are: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, mineral, vitamins, (water)

Question 22

What are enzymes

Answer 22

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction in living things, enzymes are specific. They can only catalyse (break down) one substate molecule. This because they have a specific shape called the active site.

Question 23

How enzymes work

Answer 23

Enzymes have an active site which is like a lock and key meaning that they would only work with a picutluar substrate, Then the enzyme joins with the substrate to form a enzyme-substrate complex. The products then are the result of the broken down substrate, the enzyme is unchanged after this and can be reusable.

Question 24

What happens to enzymes when they don’t work. Denatured

Answer 24

The active site in enzyme has changed shape and no longer fit the old type of substrate molecule, this is irreversible and not be repaired.

Question 25

What is an active site

Answer 25

An active site is the part of the enzyme where the substrate connects to the enzyme.

Question 26

What do you call enzymes that don’t work

Answer 26

Denatured