Module- Food Nutrients Flashcards
What does the body use lipids (fats) for and what are they made up of?
The body uses lipids for insulation to keep us warm, to give us energy. Lipids are made up of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 attached fatty acids.
What are carbohydrates made up of and what does the body use them for?
Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of single sugars. The body uses carbohydrates to give us energy.
What does the body use proteins for and what are they made up of
Proteins are used for growth and the repair of body tissue, they are made up of long chains of amino acids.
Mouth
Mouth -Physical digestion by teeth
- Chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva
Stomach
A muscular sac lined with mucous. Food is mixed with stomach acid (Hydrochloric acid) and digestive enzymes and churned (mixed up).
Bile Duct
Tube like structure which carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum
Pancreas
A gland (leaf-shaped) below the stomach that produces digestive enzymes that help break down food.
Small Intestine
Long thin tube that food moves through after the stomach. Digested food is absorbed from the small intestine into
bloodstream. More enzymes are produced here to break down food further. The blood then transports the nutrients to all body cells.
Rectum
The lower part of the large intestine, where the undigested food called faeces (poo) is stored before it leaves the body.
Anus
The muscular opening at the end of the digestive system from which faeces (poo) leaves the body.
Large Intestine
Water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from undigested food. Passes undigested food to the rectum.
Duodenum
The first part of the small intestine. Receives food from the stomach, absorption starts here.
Gall Bladder
A small sac below the liver. It stores and releases bile into the small intestine.
Liver
A large organ that produces a green liquid called bile that neutralises stomach acid and helps break down fats into tiny droplets.
Oesophagus
A tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach by muscular contractions called ‘peristalsis’
What is a cell
The basic building block of life e.g. muscle cell
Tissue
Formed by lots of similar cells working together to perform the same function e.g. muscle cell
Organ
Formed by lots of tissues working together e.g. lungs, heart.
Organ system
Lots of organs working together in a system e.g. circulatory system
Organism
Is all of the body systems working together
What are nutrients
Nutrients are chemicals found in food, main food nutrients are: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, mineral, vitamins, (water)
What are enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction in living things, enzymes are specific. They can only catalyse (break down) one substate molecule. This because they have a specific shape called the active site.
How enzymes work
Enzymes have an active site which is like a lock and key meaning that they would only work with a picutluar substrate, Then the enzyme joins with the substrate to form a enzyme-substrate complex. The products then are the result of the broken down substrate, the enzyme is unchanged after this and can be reusable.
What happens to enzymes when they don’t work. Denatured
The active site in enzyme has changed shape and no longer fit the old type of substrate molecule, this is irreversible and not be repaired.
What is an active site
An active site is the part of the enzyme where the substrate connects to the enzyme.
What do you call enzymes that don’t work
Denatured
