Cells

Question 1

How do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 1

Eye piece lens x objective lens.

Question 2

Define the term resolution?

Answer 2

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

Question 3

What is the role of the nucleus

Answer 3

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Contains the genetic code.

Question 4

What is the role cytoplasm in a cell

Answer 4

This is where chemical reactions take place

Question 5

What is function of the mitochondria in cells?

Answer 5

This is the site of respiration.

Glucose + Oxyen –> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + ATP energy

Question 6

Define the word ‘magnification’

Answer 6

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size.
Can be calculated by using the IAM triange.

Question 7

Function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 7

This is outer layer of plant cells. It is made of cellulose. It gives the plant strength and support.

Question 8

Why are ribosomes needed in a cell?

Answer 8

Ribosomes are the site (location) where proteins are made.

Question 9

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 9

Chloroplasts contain a green chemcial called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis.

Question 10

What is the IAM triangle

Answer 10

I= image
A=actual
M= magnification

Question 11

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic cells all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material that is enclosed in its nucleus. The genetic material is called DNA and this forms structures called chromosomes that are contained within the nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi and protasti are eukaryotes.

Question 12

What is the nucleus?

Answer 12

The nucleus contains genetic material, the genetic material controls what the cell does.

Question 13

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

The cytoplasm is where most of the chemical reactions happen

Question 14

What is the cell membrane

Answer 14

The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cells.

Question 15

What are mitochondria

Answer 15

Mitochondria is where most aerobic respiration happens. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 16

What are ribosomes?

Answer 16

Ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell

Question 17

What is a cell wall?

Answer 17

A cell wall is made of cellulose it supports the cell and strengthens it.

Question 18

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 18

A permanent vacuole contains cell sap

Question 19

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 19

This is where photosynthesis happens, photosynthesis makes food for the plant.

Question 20

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 20

Prokaryotes are single cell living organisms that have been around for millions of years, they are older than eukaryotic cells. An example of this cell is bacteria they normally have a cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall, but the cell wall does not contain any cellulose. It has a nucleus, the bacteria chromosome is a single DNA loop found free in the cytoplasm.

Question 21

What is a dilute solution?

Answer 21

A liquid that is weakened by adding something to it e.g. water

Question 22

What is a concentrated solution?

Answer 22

It is the substance that is the strongest in the solution

Question 23

What is diffusion?

Answer 23

Diffusion is the net random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 24

How does the rate of diffusion work?

Answer 24

The larger the surface area of the membrane, the faster the rate of diffusion is to where there’s a lower concentration.

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution.

Question 26

What does lysis mean?

Answer 26

When an animal cell becomes too dilute in a solution they call it lysis.

Question 27

What does crenated mean?

Answer 27

When an animal cell becomes too concentrated with a solution they call it crentated

Question 28

What does the word turgid mean?

Answer 28

When a plant cell becomes too dilute with a solution e.g. they have been watered too much, they are called turgid.

Question 29

What does plasmolyzed mean?

Answer 29

When a plant cell becomes too concentrated with a solution they call it plasmolyzed

Question 30

What is active transport?

Answer 30

Active transport is the process were a substance needs to be absorbed from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against the concentration gradient.

Question 31

What is surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 31

Surface area is the perimeter of a shape and volume is the inside of the shape therefore the larger the shape the smaller the surface area to volume ratio is.

Question 32

Converting units

Answer 32

Remember to divide to get the units to become a greater measurement
Remember to times to get the units to become a smaller measurement

Question 33

Interphase in the cell cycle

Answer 33

1. Interphase
   This when the cell prepares to divide: the cell increases in size.
   DNA replicates and organelles (mitochondria and ribosomes) also replicate

Question 34

Mitosis in the cell cycle

Answer 34

Chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell.
Chromosomes get pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Nucleus divides.

Question 35

Cytokinesis in the cell cycle

Answer 35

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.

2 identical cells are formed