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Module Exam 6: Somatosensory System Flashcards

0
Q

Awareness and precise location of very delicate mechanical stimuli

A

Tactile sense

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1
Q

Enumerate General senses

A

Light touch, Temperature, Pain, Pressure & Proprioception(vibration sense) “LTPPP”

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2
Q

Tactile sense includes

A

Two-point sense, Graphesthesia & Fine touch/Stereognosis “TGF”

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3
Q

Ability to recognize objects by touch alone

A

Stereognosis/Fine touch

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4
Q

Ability to recognize numbers or letters drawn on the skin

A

Graphesthesia

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5
Q

Ability to distinguish stimulation by one or two points applied on the skin

A

Two-point sense

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6
Q

Involves stimuli applied to subcutaneous structure firmly pressing on the skin with blunt object and by squeezing subcutaneous structures

A

Pressure/Deep touch

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7
Q

Temperature variations

A

Hot & Cold

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8
Q

Type of pain that is sharp, pricking and well localized

A

Fast pain

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9
Q

Type of pain that is dull, burning type and diffuse

A

Slow pain

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10
Q

Awareness of the position of parts of the body; tested by passively moving a limb or one of its parts to a certain position and having the subject move the opposite limb to the same position.

A

Position/Posture sense

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11
Q

Awareness of active or passive movements of parts of the body; tested by passively flexing and extending individual fingers and toes , hand and foot, forearm and leg etc. with eyes closed, the subject should be able to recognize the direction, speed and range of the movement.

A

Motion sense

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12
Q

Receptor for touch, pressure and proprioception

A

Mechanoreceptors

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13
Q

Receptors for pain

A

Nocireceptors

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14
Q

Receptors for warm/cold

A

Thermoceptors

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15
Q

General sensation receptors for Touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscle, Merkel’s disc, Hair follicle ending & Golgi mazzoni “mmHg”

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16
Q

General sensation receptors for Pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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17
Q

General sensation receptors for Pain

A

Free nerve endings

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18
Q

General sensation receptors for Cold temp

A

Krause end bulb

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19
Q

General sensation receptors for Hot

A

Ruffini’s corpuscle

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20
Q

General sensation receptors for Proprioception

A

Tendon & Muscle spindles

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21
Q

Area of the skin supplied by the somatosensory fibers from a single spinal nerve; useful in localizing the levels of lesion.

A

Dermatomes

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22
Q

Dermatome: C2

A

Back of the head

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23
Q

Dermatome: C5

A

Tip of Shoulder

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24
Q

Dermatome: C6

A

Thumb

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25
Q

Dermatome: C7

A

Middle finger

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26
Q

Dermatome: C8

A

Small finger

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27
Q

Dermatome: T4-T5

A

Nipple

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28
Q

Dermatome: T10

A

Umbilicus

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29
Q

Dermatome: L1

30
Q

Dermatome: Big toe

31
Q

Dermatome: S1

32
Q

Dermatome: S5

33
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Spinothalamic tract & Dorsal/Posterior Column

34
Q

Ascending Tract for touch & pressure

35
Q

Ascending tracts for position sense, 2 pt discrimination fine, discriminative vibration sense & Stereognosis

A

Dorsal/Posterior Column

36
Q

Ascending tract for pain & temp

37
Q

Anterior Column Ascending Tracts

A

Ventral Spinothalamic gyrus & Spino-olivary nuclei

38
Q

Lateral Column Ascending Tracts

A

Dorsal Spinocerebellar cortex, Ventral spinocerebellar cortex, Lateral spinothalamic gyrus & Spinotectal tectum “DVLS”

39
Q

Posterior Column Ascending Tracts

A

Fasciculus gracilis & Fasciculus cuneatus

40
Q

Located median to anterior roots. Origin is Free nerve endings for light touch and pressure. Destination is at _________.

A

Ventral Spinothalamic gyrus. Post-central.

41
Q

Located at the junction of anterior & lateral white columns. Origin is at cutaneous & proprioceptive organs. Destination is at ___________

A

Spino-olivary nuclei. Inferior Olivary.

42
Q

Located at the periphery of the lateral white column. Originates from muscle spindle, tendon organs & joint receptors. Destination is at ___________.

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar cortex. Cerebellar.

43
Q

Located at periphery of lateral white column. Originates from the muscle spindle, tendon organs and joint receptors. Destination is at __________.

A

Ventral Spinocerebellar cortex. Cerebellar.

44
Q

Located at the medial to ventral spinocerebellar tract. Originates from free nerve ending for pain & temp. Destination is at __________.

A

Lateral Spinothalamic gyrus. Post central.

45
Q

Located at the Anterior to Lateral Spinothalamic. Destination is at ________.

A

Spinotectal tectum. Midbrain.

46
Q

Located beside dorsomedian sulcus. Originates from meissner’s, pacinian, tendon organs & muscle spindle. Destination is at _________.

A

Fasciculus gracilis gyrus. Post central.

47
Q

Located between Fasciculus gracilis & posterior gray column. Originates from meissner’s, pacinia, muscle spindle and tendon organs. Destination is at _________.

A

Fasciculus cuneatus gyrus. Post central.

48
Q

Somatosensory pathway consist of three neurons namely

A

Sensory Ganglia, SC or Brainstem and Thalamus

49
Q

Pain & Temperature Pathway

A

Refer to handout

50
Q

Discriminative touch and pressure pathway

A

Refer to handout

51
Q

Conscious Proprioception Pathway

A

Refer to handout

52
Q

Somatic Sensory arising from Face: trigeminal ganglion

A

Gasserian/Semilunar ganglion

53
Q

Three division of the Trigeminal somatic sensory

A

Opthalmic, Maxillary & Mandibular

54
Q

Pain & Temp Pathway of Face: Receptor - N1 (___________), N2 (________), N3 (____________) and __________.

A

Gasserian/Semilunar Ganglion. Nucleus of trigemino Spinal Tract. ventral postero medial nucleus of thalamus. Post central gyrus.

55
Q

Touch and Pressure Pathway of Face: Receptor - N1 (___________), N2 (________), N3 (____________) and __________.

A

Gasserian/Semilunar Ganglion. Main sensory nucleus. ventral postero medial nucleus of thalamus. Post central gyrus.

56
Q

Touch and Pressure Pathway of Face: Receptor - N1 (___________), N2 (________), N3 (____________) and __________.

A

Mesencephalic nucleus. Main sensory nucleus. ventral postero medial nucleus of thalamus. Post central gyrus.

57
Q

Episodes of sharp, stabbing pain that radiates over the areas innervated by sensory branches of the maxillary or mandibular divisions of CN V. Triggered by moving the mandible, smiling or yawning, or by cutaneous stimulation. May be caused by pressure on or interruption of the blood supply of the trigeminal ganglion.

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

58
Q

Loss of sensitivity to pain in all or part of the body

A

Anesthesia

59
Q

An abnormally reduced sensitivity to touch

A

Hypoesthesia

60
Q

An abnormal or unexplained tingling, pricking or burning sensation on the skin

A

Paresthesia

61
Q

An abnormally heightened sensitivity of part of the body

A

Hyperesthesia

62
Q

Spinal cord Hemisection. Contralateral loss of pain and temp. Ipsilateral loss of proprioception. And ipsilateral manifestation of upper and lower motor neurom lesions.

A

Brown-Sequard’s syndrome

63
Q

Loss of pain and thermal sensations on the Contralateral side about 1-2 segments Below the level of the lesion.

A

Anterolateral system

64
Q

Progressive cavitation around the central canal; loss of pain & temp sensations in hands & forearm (common in cervical) Dissociated sensory loss.

A

Syringomyelia

65
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract damage: ipsilateral upper motor neuron weakness. Posterior column: ipsilateral vibration & proprioception loss. Anterolateral system: contralateral pain and temperature loss.

A

Hemicord lesion

66
Q

Small lesions. Damage to the spinothalamic fibers crossing in the ventral commissure causes bilateral regions of sensory loss of pain and temp. Cervical: _________ distribution.

A

Central cord lesion. Classic cape.

67
Q

Caused by neurosyphylis; dorsal root involvement with secondary degeneration of dorsal columns (loss of vibration and position sense)

A

Tabes dorsalis

68
Q

Clinical signs of injury to the Lemniscal Pathway

A

Inability to recognize limb position, Astereognosis, Loss of two point discrimination, Loss of vibration sense and (+) Romberg sign

69
Q

Vibration and proprioception loss below the level of the lesion

A

Posterior cord damage

70
Q

Degenerative changes in the vertebral column caused by _______.

A

Spondylosis. Osteoarthritis.

71
Q

Causes degenerative changes at the articulating surfaces of the 4th, 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae.

A

Repeated trauma and Aging

72
Q

Burning pain, hyperesthesia and partial analgesi were due to pressure on

A

Posterior roots

73
Q

Wasting, weakness and fasciculations were due to pressure on

A

Anterior roots

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