Module 9: The Brain

Question 1

records electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the outside of the skull.

Answer 1

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 2

cans provide a detailed, three-dimen- sional computer-generated image of brain structures and activity by aiming a powerful magnetic field at the body.

Answer 2

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 3

scans show biochemical activity within the brain at a given moment. PET scans begin with the injection of a radioactive (but safe) liquid into the bloodstream, which makes its way to the brain.

Answer 3

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 4

exposes a tiny region of the brain to a strong magnetic field, thereby causing a momentary interruption of electrical activity.

Answer 4

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 5

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is also called

Answer 5

“virtual lesion”

Question 6

The “old brain,” which controls basic functions such as eating and sleeping and is common to all ver- tebrates.

Answer 6

central core

Question 7

The part of the brain that controls bodily balance.

• extends from the rear of the hindbrain

Answer 7

cerebellum

Question 8

The part of the brain extending from the medulla through the pons; it is related to changes in the level of arousal of the body.

Answer 8

reticular formation

Question 9

The part of the brain located in the middle of the central core that acts primarily to relay information about the senses.

• is hidden within the forebrain, acts primarily as a relay station for information about the senses.

Answer 9

thalamus

Question 10

Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

“Master” gland that regulates other endocrine glands

Answer 11

Pituitary Gland

Question 12

Involved in sleep and arousal

Answer 12

Pons

Question 13

Greek word for Pons

Answer 13

Bridge

Question 14

A network of neurons related to sleep, arousal, and attention

Answer 14

Reticular Formation

Question 15

Responsible for communication between brain and rest of body; involved with simple reflexes

Answer 15

Spinal Cord

Question 16

The “new brain” responsible for the most sophisticated processing

Answer 16

Cerebral Cortex

Question 17

Bridge of fibers passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 17

Corpus Callosum

Question 18

Relay center for cortex; handles incoming and outgoing signals

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

Controls bodily balance

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation

Answer 20

Medulla

Question 21

The major structures in the brain (10)

Answer 21

Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Reticular Formation
Spinal Cord
Cerebral Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla

Question 22

A tiny part of the brain, located below the thalamus, that maintains homeostasis

Answer 22

hypothalamus

Question 23

a steady internal environment for the body. The hypothalamus helps provide a constant body temperature and monitors the amount of nutrients stored in the cells.

Answer 23

homeostasis

Question 24

The part of the brain that controls eating, aggression, and reproduction.

Answer 24

limbic system

Question 25

The brain does have pleasure centers in several areas, including some in the limbic system. Consisting of a series of doughnut-shaped structures that include the

Answer 25

amygdala and hippocampus

Question 26

The four major sections of the cerebral cortex: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

Answer 26

lobes

Question 27

Visual Area
Visual association

Answer 27

Occipital Lobe

Question 28

Primary auditory area
Wernicke’s area
Auditory association area

Answer 28

Temporal Lobe

Question 29

Somatosensory area
Somatosensory association area

Answer 29

Parietal Lobe

Question 30

Motor Area
Broca’s Area

Answer 30

Frontal Lobe

Question 31

The part of the cortex that is largely responsible for the body’s voluntary movement.

Answer 31

motor area

Question 32

The site in the brain of the tissue that corresponds to each of the senses, with the degree of sensitivity related to the amount of tissue.

Answer 32

sensory area

Question 33

One of the major re- gions of the cerebral cortex; the site of the higher mental processes, such as thought, language, memory, and speech.

Answer 33

association areas

Question 34

Changes in the brain that occur throughout the life span relat- ing to the addition of new neurons, new interconnections between neurons, and the reorganization of information processing areas.

Answer 34

neuroplasticity

Question 35

Symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that control the side of the body opposite to their location.

Answer 35

hemispheres

Question 36

The dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions, such as language.

Answer 36

lateralization