MODULE 1: PSYCHOLOGY AT WORK

Question 1

is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system, as well as other biological aspects of the body, determine behavior.

Answer 2

Behavioral Neuroscience

Question 2

is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.

Answer 2

Experimental psychology

Question 3

focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.

Answer 3

Cognitive psychology

Question 4

studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Answer 4

Developmental psychology

Question 5

focuses on the consis- tency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Answer 5

Personality psychology

Question 6

explores the relationship between psycho- logical factors and physical ailments or disease.

Answer 6

Health psychology

Question 7

is the basis of all psychological research and is used to find valid answers.

Answer 7

The scientific method

Question 7

examines the biological basis of behavior.

Answer 7

Behavioral neuroscience

Question 8

goal of psychology

Answer 8

to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes

Question 9

studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.

Answer 9

Behavioral genetics

Question 10

deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.

Answer 10

Clinical psychology

Question 11

the study of higher mental processes.

Answer 11

Cognitive psychology

Question 12

focuses primarily on educational, social, and
career adjustment problems.

Answer 12

Counseling psychology

Question 13

investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.

Answer 13

Cross-cultural psychology

Question 14

examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Answer 14

Developmental psychology

Question 15

concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance.

Answer 15

Educational psychology

Question 16

considers the relationship between people and their physical environment.

Answer 16

Environmental psychology

Question 17

considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Answer 17

Evolutionary psychology

Question 17

studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.

Answer 17

Experimental psychology

Question 18

focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories.

Answer 18

Forensic psychology

Question 18

explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.

Answer 18

Health psychology

Question 19

psychology of the workplace.

Answer 19

Industrial/organizational psychology

Question 20

focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Answer 20

Personality psychology

Question 21

assessing large-scale programs, such as the Head Start preschool program, to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals.

Answer 21

Program evaluation

Question 22

focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.

Answer 22

Psychology of women

Question 23

devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.

Answer 23

School psychology

Question 24

people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

Answer 24

Social psychology

Question 25

athletic activity and exercise.

Answer 25

Sport psychology

Question 26

considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Answer 26

Evolutionary psychology

Question 27

suggests that the chemical coding of information in our cells not only determines traits such as hair color and race but also holds the key to understanding a broad variety of behaviors that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.

Answer 27

Evolutionary approach

Question 28

The Origin of Species (1859)

Answer 28

Charles Darwin

Question 29

suggested that a process of natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest and the development of traits that enable a species to adapt to its environment.

Answer 29

Charles Darwin

Question 30

the study of how people’s thoughts, feel- ings, and actions are affected by others.

Answer 30

Social psychology

Question 31

concentrate on such diverse topics as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity.

Answer 31

Social psychologists

Question 32

focuses on the bio- logical mechanisms, such as genes and chromosomes, that enable inherited behavior to unfold.

Answer 32

Behavioral Genetics

Question 33

It focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors.

Answer 33

Clinical neuropsychology