Module 9 Flashcards
What are the two meanings of the term ‘probe’?
1) A way of assessing performance, 2) A design type (e.g., multiple-probe design).
What are two purposes of probe assessments?
1) Check if behavior/skills generalize beyond trained tasks, 2) Assess long-term maintenance or transfer.
What are 3 reasons to use a multiple-probe design?
1) Behavior requires prompted/structured responses
2) Repeated assessment may be detrimental
3) Still meets design standards when embedded in a multiple-baseline
What are the two meanings of ‘randomization’ in single-case designs?
1) A procedure to reduce bias, 2) A design type.
Why use randomization in design?
Reduces bias in phase changes, group assignments, or intervention order.
What is the purpose of combined designs?
To strengthen experimental demonstrations and reduce ambiguity.
Give two examples of combined designs.
1) Multiple baseline + ABAB
2) Changing criterion + mini-reversal
What is a mini-reversal phase?
A temporary change in criteria within the intervention phase to confirm the intervention’s effects.
What are two benefits of mini-reversal phases?
1) Confirm efficacy without withdrawing the intervention
2) Assess trends without full reversals
What is transfer of training?
Behavior change occurring in new contexts/situations.
What is response maintenance?
Behavior continues after intervention ends.
What is a probe in this context?
Intermittent data collection in untrained settings to assess generalization or maintenance.
What is graduated withdrawal?
Gradually fading intervention to test if behavior maintains.
What is steady state responding?
A stable pattern of behavior under one condition, allowing comparisons when conditions change.
What are the three elements of baseline logic?
Prediction, Verification, Replication
What is affirmation of the consequent?
If DV changes only when IV is applied, the IV likely caused the change.
When should the IV be introduced?
After a stable baseline or when trend indicates deterioration (ascending/descending), but not if baseline is highly variable.
What are the four baseline patterns?
Stable, Ascending, Descending, Variable
What are the 7 components of an ABA experiment?
1) Research question
2) At least one participant
3) At least one behavior (DV)
4) At least one setting
5) Measurement system + visual analysis
6) At least one treatment (IV)
7) Experimental design
What are the four types of research questions?
Demonstration, Parametric, Component, Comparative
What’s the difference between parametric vs. nonparametric studies?
Parametric: tests different levels of IV
Nonparametric: tests presence/absence of IV
Why should only one IV be changed at a time?
To isolate the cause of behavior change.
How would you handle a spike in absences due to COVID during baseline?
Wait to see if it trends back to baseline before introducing the intervention.
When would you introduce Tier 2 in a multiple-baseline?
Once Tier 1 shows a clear change and stability in the DV.
What would you do to strengthen experimental control in an intertrial interval study?
Reintroduce a previous condition (e.g., “long” interval) to confirm effects.
What are the benefits of using probe assessments?
Allows for evaluating generalization and maintenance without continuous assessment; avoids overexposure or interference.
