Module 9

Question 1

circulatory system performs two tasks

Answer 1

• Pumping oxygenated blood to organs

* Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs so that it becomes oxygenated again

Question 2

blood pathway

Answer 2

Right heart is DEOXYGENATED and pumps it to the lungs so it becomes OXYGENATED
Left side pumps it to the body
Right heart→lungs→left heart→body

Question 3

mammalian heart is divided into four chambers

Answer 3

•	Two on the top and two on the bottom
•	Top
o	Left and right atria
•	Bottom
o	Left and right ventricles
•	RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES ARE REVERSED WHEN LOOKING AT HEART

Question 4

arteries

Answer 4

blood leaving the heart

Question 5

veins

Answer 5

bring blood back to the heart

Question 6

pulmonary arteries

Answer 6

take blood from to the lungs

Question 7

pulmonary veins

Answer 7

bring blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 8

pathway

Answer 8

• When heart beats, atria contracts as well
• Blood that has entered the atria to enter the ventricles
• Ventricles contract simultaneously, causing blood to go to its appropriate location (lungs or body

Question 9

tricuspid valve

Answer 9

• Btw right atrium and ventricle

* Prevents flow between the two

Question 10

bicuspid valve

Answer 10

• Btw left atrium and ventricle

* Prevents flow between the two

Question 11

heart rate

Answer 11

• Resting heart beat is about 60-80 bpm
• Exercise increases because of the added need for oxygen by tissues
• Measured as the number of beats in 10 seconds and then multiplied by 6 for the number of beats in one minute

Question 12

blood pressure

Answer 12

o Measurement gives an indication about how much pressure is put on the artery during the ventricular contraction (systole) and in between contractions (diastole)

Question 13

systolic measurement

Answer 13

indicates the maximum amount of pressure exerted by the heart on the blood vessels; first sound heard

Question 14

diastolic measurement

Answer 14

indicates the minimum amount of pressure on the vessels when the heart is between beats; last sound heard

Question 15

kidneys

Answer 15

o Filtering unit of the body that removes wastes, restores blood components and regulates hydration
o Wastes transported in blood enter the kidney through renal arteries

Question 16

nephrons

Answer 16

o Units that actively filter the wastes out of blood to form urine

Question 17

glomerulus

Answer 17

o Network of capillaries that a have a porous epithelium

Question 18

bowman’s capsule

Answer 18

o Surrounds the glomerulus

o Collecting chamber for the water and solutes that fit through the capillary pores

Question 19

renal tubule

Answer 19

o	Urine from bowman’s capsule enter this
o	Divided into three parts
•	Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
•	Loop of Henle
•	Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
o	All three sections filter the urine further before it leaves through the collecting duct

Question 20

specific gravity

Answer 20

o Too high: not drinking enough water=urine is too concentrated
o Too low: no pathology: drinking lots of water

Question 21

pH

Answer 21

o too high: vegetarian diet or illness can increase urine pH

o too low: large amounts of protein and wheat can lower pH of urine

Question 22

glucose

Answer 22

o Too high: eating too much sugar/diabetes mellitus

o Too low: hunger or starvation

Question 23

protein

Answer 23

o Too high: excessive physical exertion or high protein diet/ renal disease; coffee drinkers
o Too low: no pathology

Question 24

Ketone bodies

Answer 24

o Too high: excessive exercise/starvation or diabetes mellitus
o Too low: no pathology

Question 25

billirubin

Answer 25

o Too high: liver disease

Question 26

leukocytes

Answer 26

o Too high: infection aka UTI