Module 5 Flashcards
mitosis
occurs in somatic cells and single celled organisms to form two daughter nuclei genetically identical to the parent cell and each other
meiosis
occurs in multicellular organisms in preparation for sexual reproduction
two nuclear divisions and four haploid daughter cells
interphase
cell growth and DNA synthesis
cells spend majority of time in this stage
G1
increase in size, produce RNA, and synthesize protein
S
cell’s genetic material is replicated
G2
cell continues to grow
prophase
Nuclear envelope breaks
chromosomes become more compact
prometaphase
spindle forms and start to attach to the chromosomes
metaphase
chromosomes move to the middle region between each pole
anaphase
centromeres of each sister chromatid separate and forms daughter chromosome
move to opposite poles of the spindle
telophase
nuclear envelope reforms; spindles dissolve, chromosomes decondense
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm; cleavage furrow forms at the equator
prophase 1
chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope dissolves; crossing over occurs; tetrad
prometaphase 1
spindle apparatus forms and attaches to chromosome
metaphase 1
chromosome pairs line up at the middle
anaphase 1
homologous pairs separate and each chromosome is pulled to opposite poles
telophase 1
chromatin becomes somewhat uncoiled and nuclear envelope reforms
prophase ii
chromosomes condense again and nuclear envelope dissolves
prometaphase ii
spindle forms and attach to chromosomes
metaphase ii
chromomes line up in middle
anaphase ii
chromosomes separate and become daughter chromosomes and move to opposite poles
telophase ii
four haploid cells
