Module 9 Flashcards
Analgesic
An agent that reduces pain
Anesthetic
An agent that reduces sensation locally or systemically and may cause loss of consciousness
Antibacterial
A drug that targets bacteria, fungi, or protozoa to kill or halt growth or replication
Anticoagulant
A drug that prevents blood from clotting
Anticonvulsant
A drug that suppresses seizures
Antidepressant
A drug that balances neurotransmitters in the brain to treat depression and other mental disorders
Antiemetic
A drug that suppresses nausea and vomiting
Antifungal
A drug that targets fungi to kill or halt growth or replication
Antihistamine
A drug that treats allergic and hypersensitivity reactions by blocking histamine-1 receptors
Antihyperlipidemic
A drug that lowers cholesterol
Anti-inflammatory
A drug that reduces inflammation and swelling
Antimicrobial
A drug that targets microorganisms to kill or halt growth or replication
Antiretroviral
A drug that suppresses the replication of retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the combination of three of more of these drugs to treat HIV infection (triple cocktail)
Antiviral
A drug that targets viruses to kill or halt growth or replication
Anxiolytic
A drug that calms anxiety
Bactericidal
The designation for an antimicrobial agents that kills or destroys bacteria
Bacteriostatic
The designation for an antimicrobial agent that halts the growth or replication of bacteria but does not destroy them
Beta-blocker
A drug that blocks the adrenergic beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system; most commonly used to treat hypertension or heart arrhythmias or to prevent secondary heart attacks
Bronchodilator
A drug that dilates the airways of lungs to improve breathing
Contraceptive Agent
A drug that prevents pregnancy
Contrast Media
An agent that improves contrast between anatomical structures in imaging studies
Corticosteroid
A drug that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation
Cytotoxic Agent
A drug that causes cell death; used in chemotherapy to treat cancer
Decongestant
An agent that reduces congestion of the nasal passage and sinuses
Diuretic
A drug that increases urine production to reduce edema or lower blood pressure
Herbal Supplement
A naturally derived dietary product that may have some therapeutic effect; rigorous proof of safety and effectiveness is not regulated as drug
Immunosuppressant (immunomodulator)
A drug that reduces the response of the immune system; used in autoimmune diseases or to prepare a patient for an organ transplant
Laxative
An agent that promotes bowel evacuation
Narcotic
A type of drug that has opium-like effects to cause drowsiness, pain relief, and sedation; can be habit-forming and is regulated as a controlled substance
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
A drug that reduces pain, inflammation, and fever
Radiopharmaceutical
A drug with a radioactive component; used for diagnosis or treatment
Smoking Cessation Agent
A drug that helps a patient stop smoking; may be a behavioral deterrent or a nicotine substitute
Vaccine (Immunization)
A preparation of microbial antigen that will confer a degree of immunity to a future infection by that microbial
Vasodilator
A drug that dilated the blood vessels
Vitamin
An organic compound essential in small quantities for normal physiologic and metabolic functioning
Absorption
The process in which a drug is taken up into the body, organ, tissue, or cell
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
Any harmful or unintended reaction to a drug administered at a normal dose
Aseptic Technique
The method used to minimize the microbial contamination of compounded sterile products
Bioavailability
The percentage of administered drug available to affect the body and target site(s) after absorption, metabolism, and other factors
Capsule
A small, digestible container (usually made of gelatin) used to hold a dose of medication for oral administration
Chemical Name
The exact designation of the chemical structure of a drug
Chemotherapy (Chemo)
The treatment of cancer with chemical agents
Compounding
The act of combining drug ingredients to prepare a customized prescription or drug order for a patient
Contraindication
Factor that prohibits administration of a drug
Controlled Substance
A drug that has been identified as having the potential for abuse or addiction; designated as schedule I,II,III,IV or V under the Controlled Substance Act
Cream
A water-based, semisolid preparation that is applied topically to external parts of the body
Distribution
The uptake pattern of drug molecules by various tissues throughout the body
Dose
The amount of a drug or other substance to be administered at one time
Drug
Any substance taken by mouth, injected into the body, or applied topically to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or condition
Drug-drug Interaction (DDI)
A modification of the effect of a drug when administered with another drug; Food can also interact with a drug to cause a modification of the drug’s effect
Elimination
The removal of a substance from the body by an route, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, and sweat glands
Elixir
A liquid containing sweeteners, flavorings, water, and/or alcohol in which an oral medication may be dispersed
Emulsion
A stable mixture that contains one component suspended within another component that it cannot normally dissolve in or mix with
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The U.S. federal agency responsible for the enforcement of federal regulations regarding the manufacturing and distribution of food, drugs, and cosmetics as protection against the sale of impure or dangerous substances
Formulary
A listing of drugs and drug information used by health practitioners within an institution to prescribe treatment that is medically appropriate
Generic Name
The official, established, nonproprietary name assigned to a drug
Inhaler
A device containing a drug to be inhaled nasally or by mouth
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
The means by which a drug exerts a desired effect
Metabolism
The chemical changes that a drug or other substance undergoes in the body
Ointment
An oil-based, semisolid preparation that is applied topically to external parts of the body
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drug (Nonprescription Drug)
A drug that may be purchased without a prescription
Overdose
More than the recommended or prescribed dose of a drug; may cause harmful adverse effects and even death
Pharmaceutical
A drug used for medicinal purposes
Pharmacist
A person formally trained to formulate and dispense medications
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the actions of a drug on the body
Pharmacogenomics
The study of the correlation between genetics and response to a drug
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the actions of the body on a drug
Pharmacology
The study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs
Pharmacy
A place for preparing and dispensing drugs
Pill
Any solid oral dosage form of a drug
Placebo
An inactive substance, prescribed as if it were an effective dose of a needed medication
Prescription
An order for medication, therapy, or a therapeutic device given by one authorized medical professional that can only be dispensed or performed for the specified patient by another appropriate authorized medical professional
Preservative
A substance included in some parenteral and topical medications used to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the product.
Route of Admission
The method in which a drug or agent is given to a patient
Side Effect
Any reaction or result from a medication other than what was intended
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances dissolved into another substance
Sterile Product
A drug that does not contain any microorganisms or pyrogens
Suppository
A topical form of drug that is inserted into the rectum, vagina, or penis
Suspension
A liquid in which particles of a solid are dispersed, but not dissolved, and in which the dispersal in maintained by stirring or shaking
Tablet
A small, solid pressed form of a medication
Toxicity
The level at which a drug’s concentration within the body produces serious adverse effects
Trade Name (Brand Name)
A proprietary name assigned to a drug by its manufacturer that is registered as part of the drug’s identity
Vial
A sterile glass or plastic container with some method of access to the contents
Buccal
The administration of a drug by placement in the mouth between the gums and cheek to be absorbed through the oral mucosa
Enteral
The use of oral ingestion as a mode of drug administration
Epidural
Injection of a drug into the epidural space of the spine
Infusion
The prolonged administration of a fluid substance directly into a vein or artery or beneath the skin in which the flow rate is driven by gravity or a mechanical pump
Inhalation
A method of drug administration that involves the breathing in of a spray, vapor, or powder via the nose or mouth
Injection
The introduction of a substance into the body by using a needle
Intradermal (ID)
The administration of a medication into the skin
Intramuscular (IM)
The administration of a medication into a muscle
Intrathecal
The administration of a medication into the subarachnoid space of the meninges in the spine
Intravenous (IV)
The administration of a medication directly into a vein
Nasal
The administration of a medication into the nose
Ophthalmic
The administration of a medication into or onto the eye
Oral
The administration of a medication by mouth
Otic
The administration of a medication into the ear
Parenteral
An agent that is administered into the body in any way that bypasses the digestive tract; commonly misconstrued to refer to injection routes only
Subcutaneous (Subcut)
The introduction of a medication into the tissue just beneath the skin
Sublingual
A form of drug that dissolves under the tongue
Topical
A dosage form of a medication that is applied directly to an external area of the body
Transdermal
A method of applying a drug to unbroken skin so that it is continuously absorbed through the skin to produce a systemic effect; a transdermal patch is a drug delivery system that controls the rate of absorption through the skin
