Module 9

Question 1

What are the 3 neural components of uncontrolled eating?

Answer 1

• Reward sensitivity
• Cognitive control
• Negative affect

Question 2

T/F: Dopamine is related to liking food.

Answer 2

False - it’s related to wanting food

Question 3

Dorsomedial PFC associated with ___________________ of food intake and

Answer 3

Upregulation

Question 4

How is the orbitofrontal cortex involved in appetite?

Answer 4

-Receives projections from taste-responsive neurons in the insular cortex
-Predicts how rewarding food will be

Question 5

What evidence is there that the orbitofrontal cortex might be involved in sensory-specific satiety?

Answer 5

On fMRI, blood flows to OFC when a new odor is present, but flow decreases after odor has been repeatedly presented to the person.

Question 6

What is impulsivity?

Answer 6

• increased rash-spontaneous behaviour
• seeking out rewards without thinking about the consequences
• heightened state of disinhibition

Question 7

List some ways by which the hippocampus regulates appetite (5)

Answer 7

• Uses memory to decide when and how much to eat
• Inhibits the hypothalamus and HPA axis
• Craving and imagery of food (through memory and learning)
• Perception of time
  
  • When to eat
  • How long to eat for
• Nutrient-related learning

Question 8

Dorsolateral PFC associated with _____________________ of appetite

Answer 8

Downregulation

Question 9

What is the difference between “wanting” and “liking” food?

Answer 9

Wanting drives us to eat, but liking brings us pleasure from the food.

Note: wanting is driven primarily by dopamine and the mesolimbic reward pathway

Question 10

What characteristic makes binge-eating disorder different from other phenotypes of obesity?

Answer 10

Increased impulsivity

Question 11

Define emotional eating

Answer 11

Tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions, such as anxiety or irritability