Module 9

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

state of cellular, tissue, and sometimes even organ destruction resulting from invasion by microorganisms

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

disease producing microbe

Question 3

three necessities for infection to occur

Answer 3

source, susceptible person, transmission

Question 4

three lines of defenses

Answer 4

skin and mucous membranes, inflammatory response, immune response

Question 5

types of pathogens

Answer 5

bacteria, viruses, Rickettsiae, mycoplasms, Chlamydiae, fungi, protozoa, helminths

Question 6

virulence

Answer 6

potency of the pathogen, more virulent, more that it causes severe disease in a large proportion of those exposed to the microbe

Question 7

infectivity

Answer 7

proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an individual based on pathogen’s ability to enter, survive in, and multiply in the host

Question 8

toxigenicity

Answer 8

ability of pathogen to produce harmful toxins that increase host cell and tissue damage

Question 9

antigenicity

Answer 9

level to which a pathogen is viewed by the host immune system as foreign, More antigenic pathogen, more prominent immune response. Low antigenicity, means it will elude immune mechs and continue to survive in the host

Question 10

antigenic variability

Answer 10

mechanisms through which pathogens try to evade the immune system (usually mutation), process of eluding human host defenses and is often a result of altering the antigens present within or on surface of microbe

Question 11

pathogenic defense mechanism

Answer 11

ways in which many pathogens have developed ways to avoid destruction by host, such as through thick protective capsules, which prevent phagocytosis

Question 12

coinfection

Answer 12

phenomenon of hosting two or more pathogens simnultaneously

Question 13

superinfection

Answer 13

when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present, often results from compromised host defenses and over proliferation of resident flora