Module 8 - Young Adulthood

Question 1

Havighurst’s 9 tasks of Young adults:

Answer 1

1. Autonomy
2. Identity
3. Emotional stability
4. Career
5. Intimacy
6. Community Membership
7. Get a residence
8. Become a parent
9. Making marital or relationship adjustments and learning to parent.

Question 2

Leading causes of death for young adults

Answer 2

The leading causes of death for both age groups 15-24 and 25-34 in the U.S. are unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide. Cancer and heart disease follow as the fourth and fifth top causes of death among young adults (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).

Question 3

8 Healthy habits

Answer 3

When experts were asked to name one thing they would recommend young adults do to facilitate good health, their specific responses included: weighing self often, learning to cook, reducing sugar intake, developing an active lifestyle, eating vegetables, practicing portion control, establishing an exercise routine (especially a “post-party” routine, if relevant), and finding a job you love.[8]

Question 4

young people are the ____likely to be unaware of their HIV infection, with half not knowing they have the virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).

Answer 4

most

Question 5

Sexual peak of men and women

Answer 5

Men peak sexually earlier than women in terms fo sexual responsiveness, perhaps by the late teens and early twenties. Women peak perhaps by their 30’s or early forties. This is likely due to greater self-confidence and reduced inhibitions about sexuality.

Question 6

PID and infertility

Answer 6

Other causes of female infertility include blocked fallopian tubes, which can occur when a woman has had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or endometriosis. PID is experienced by 1 out of 7 women in the United States and leads to infertility about 20 percent of the time. One of the major causes of PID is Chlamydia, the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in young women. Another cause of pelvic inflammatory disease is gonorrhea. Both male and female factors contribute to the remainder of cases of infertility and approximately 20 percent are unexplained.

Question 7

Most common fertility teratment:

Answer 7

In-vitro fertilization

Question 8

GIFT

Answer 8

gamete intrafallopian tube transfer
Sperm and egg are placed in fallopian tube.

Question 9

ZIFT

Answer 9

Zygote intrafallopian tube transfer (ZIFT)
Sperm and ova are fertilized outside of body and then placed inside fallopian tube.

Question 10

AI (not the computer)

Answer 10

Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female’s cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.

Question 11

Postformal thought

Answer 11

Post formal operations: Postformal thought is practical, realistic and more individualistic, but also characterized by understanding the complexities of various perspectives. . . Postformal thought is often described as more flexible, logical, willing to accept moral and intellectual complexities, and dialectical than previous stages in development.

Question 12

Dualism

Answer 12

Presumes that the authority is always correct

Question 13

Multiplicity

Answer 13

Multiplicity - relies on authority to handle the nitty gritty and complex stuff

Question 14

Relativism

Answer 14

Relativism - committing to a position or positions and being welling to rethink stances

Question 15

Dialectic thought

Answer 15

Some adults may move even beyond the relativistic or contextual thinking described by Perry; they may be able to bring together important aspects of two opposing viewpoints or positions, synthesize them, and come up with new ideas. This is referred to as dialectical thought and is considered one of the most advanced aspects of postformal thinking (Basseches, 1984).

Question 16

Different theories, one agreement

Answer 16

There isn’t just one theory of postformal thought; there are variations, with emphasis on adults’ ability to tolerate ambiguity or to accept contradictions or find new problems, rather than solve problems, etc. (as well as relativism and dialecticism that we just learned about). What they all have in common is the proposition that the way we think may change during adulthood with education and experience.

Question 17

John Holland and Career Choice

Answer 17

One of the most well-known theories about career choice is from John Holland (1985), who proposed that there are six personality types (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional), as well as varying types of work environments.[16]

Question 18

Main task of Young adulthood according to Erikson

Answer 18

Erikson believed that the main task of early adulthood is to establish intimate relationships and to not feel isolated from others.
Intimacy is not necessarily romance, but involves closeness with others without losing yourself.

Question 19

Levinson’s theory

Answer 19

Levinson thought that people created dreams of where they wanted to be in the future to motivate them in their hard work. Unfortunately, these dreams would have to be modified if they did not come true.
Levinson figured that periods of transition lasted 5 years and periods of stability lasted 7 years.

Question 20

Levinson’s stages

Answer 20

Levinson came up with 6 stages for men’s lives:
Early adult transition (17-22): Leaving home, leaving family; making first choices about career and education

Entering the adult world (22-28): Committing to an occupation, defining goals, finding intimate relationships
Age 30 transition (28-33): Reevaluating those choices and perhaps making modifications or changing one’s attitude toward love and work
Settling down (33 to 40): Reinvesting in work and family commitments; becoming involved in the community
Midlife transition (40-45): Reevaluating previous commitments; making dramatic changes if necessary; giving expression to previously ignored talents or aspirations; feeling more of a sense of urgency about life and its meaning
Entering middle adulthood (45-50): Committing to new choices made and placing one’s energies into these commitments

Question 21

Arnett’s 5 distinctions of young adulthood

Answer 21

5 distinctions of young adulthood:
identity exploration,
instability,
self-focus,
feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood,
a sense of broad possibilities for the future.

Question 22

4 components of attraction

Answer 22

Proximity - How often you cross paths with and interact with someone.
Familiarity - A sense of predictability and comfort; knowing what to expect from someone that is facilitated by repeated exposure.
Similarity - Birds of a feather flock together. People form friendships and couples with those who are similar to them.
Reciprocity - Relationships are built on give and take.