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BIO 101 Lec LE 2 and LE 3 > Module 8 - Vascular Tissues > Flashcards

Module 8 - Vascular Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: Xylem and Phloem fibers have lignified secondary walls.

A

T

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2
Q

ODD man out based on vascular tissues.

phloem parenchyma
vessel
xylem fibers
periderm
sieve tube member
tracheid

A

Periderm, not involved in the vascular system

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3
Q

T/F Albuminous cell is a component of phloem complex tissues.

A

True

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4
Q

Vascular tissues often found in the outer region of the vascular bundle or near the periphery of stem or root.

A

Phloem

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5
Q

2 Ground tissues comprising the stem.

A

Pith and Cortex

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6
Q

2°ry phloem and xylem : vascular cambium :: 1°ry phloem and xylem : _____

A

Procambium

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7
Q

Annual rings and fibers are abundant in: primary or secondary xylem?

A

Secondary

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8
Q

T/F Both the metaxylem and the protoxylem possess tracheids , vessels and parenchyma.

A

True

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9
Q

when an air bubble forms within the xylem vessel or tracheids due to a pressure increase that causes the gas in the water to expand.

A

Cavitation or Embolism

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10
Q

T/F Embolised cells can be seen in both tracheids and vessels.

A

True

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11
Q

T/F Only the Angiosperms possess vessel members.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F All tracheary elements have pits.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F Among the tracheary elements, only the vessel elements are connected end to end due to their perforated plates.

A

True

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14
Q

Tracheids are present in the following plant/s:

Christella
Rhynia
Cocos
Pinus
Equisetum
Lycopodium

A

Only in Pinus, Cocos, and Christella

(Hala coco, magcrave nga ng milktea)

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15
Q

Torus and libriform fibers are present in:

A

Pyrus

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16
Q

Name at least 2 substances found in phloem and xylem parenchyma

A

Crystals, starch, tannins, or pectin

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17
Q

T/F: Endarch, Exarch, and Mesarch are typical secondary xylem development

A

False.

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18
Q

If Protoxylem is closer to the edges, is it endarch or exarch

A

Exarch

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19
Q

If Protoxylem is closer to the center, is it endarch or exarch

A

Endarch

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20
Q

If Metaxylem is closer to the edges, is it endarch or exarch

A

Endarch

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21
Q

If Metaxylem is closer to the center, is it endarch or exarch

A

Exarch

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22
Q

Which is bigger, meta or proto xylem

A

Meta

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23
Q

Companion cell: Sieve tube :: Albuminous cell : ____

A

sieve cell

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24
Q

Gymnosperms - sieve cell and albuminous cell ; Angiosperms.- _________ and _______

A

sieve tube and companion cell

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25
Q

What is the carbohydrate chemical composition of callose? Be very specific.

A

B-1, 3-glucan

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26
Q

Why do p-proteins disperse during selective autophagy?

A

To fill in for need for repair in the plant at specific sites.

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27
Q

conducting tissue

complex tissue (composed of more than one cell type)

found in vascular plants

primary components are xylem & phloem

A

Vascular Tissues

28
Q

Unidirectional movement transports only minerals and water from the root to the shoot is characteristic of?

A

Xylem

29
Q

Often found near the center of the organ / inner region of vascular bundle is characteristic of?

A

Xylem

30
Q

Composed of lignin and cellulose providing support to plant body

A

Xylem

31
Q

______ and _____ mainly consists of dead and alive cells respectively

A

Xylem and phloem

32
Q

Bidirectional movement: transports food from sources (green parts of the plants) to sinks (other parts of the plant) is characteristic of?

A

Phloem

33
Q

Often found near the periphery of organ / outer region of vascular bundle is characteristic of?

A

Phloem

34
Q

The principal water-conducting tissue:

Transports water and minerals.

Is made up of long hollow tubes formed by non-living cell walls (tracheary elements).

Non-living matter was once living (cells must die, leaving cell walls as tubes).

Consists of tracheids or vessel elements.

A

Xylem

35
Q

T/F Tyloses can form in both protoxylem and metaxylem

A

False, only in metaxylem

36
Q

A balloon-like outgrowth where parenchymatous cells extend into the lumen of both tracheids and vessels; occurs when tracheids or vessels become inactive or damaged

A

Tyloses

37
Q

Cavitation that occurs when the tension of water within the xylem becomes so high that dissolved air expands to fill either the vessels or the tracheids.

A

Embolism

38
Q

Differentiate tyloses and embolism

A

Tyloses - Outgrowth of walls, collapse causing blockage

Embolism - Air bubble in the vessel

39
Q

generally found only in angiosperms

shorter and wider than tracheids

have perforated end walls, forming a perforation plate at each end of the cell

have pits on their lateral walls.

A

Vessel members

40
Q

The part of the vessel element wall that bears the perforations is known as?

A

Perforation plate

41
Q

What are the 4 types of perforation plates and describe each

A
  1. Simple - single large opening
  2. Scalariform - Ladder-like
  3. Reticulate - snake skin like
  4. Foraminate - Circular perforations
42
Q

T/F Perforation plate regions lack both primary and secondary walls, allowing interconnectedness between vessel elements.

A

True

43
Q

is present both in angiosperms and gymnosperms, as well as in ferns and other vascular plant groups

Elongated and spindle shaped

A

Tracheids

44
Q

These are microscopic regions where the secondary wall is absent, and the primary wall is thin and porous.

A

Pits

45
Q

Major differences of tracheids and vessels

A

Tracheids - Part of the xylem, elongated narrow tube-like dead and empty cells found alone in wood of ferns and gymnosperms

Vessels - Alive line of cells connected end to end at their perforation plates only found in angiosperms

46
Q

Longer in length.

Has a thicker cell wall with bordered pits compared to tracheids.

Shorter in length than tracheids.

The border of the pit is much reduced compared to that of tracheids.

A

Fiber-Tracheid

47
Q

These are very long fibers in the xylem with thick walls and small slit-like pits.

A

Libriform Fibers

48
Q

Used for radial conduction.

Functions in the storage of food reserves, often in the form of starch or fat.

May also contain tannins and crystals.

A

Xylem Parenchyma

49
Q

xylem forms one chamber in the middle of the stem, with metaxylem surrounding the protoxylem.

This formation is not found in any living plants today.

A

Centrarch

50
Q

The protoxylem, which matures first, occurs at the periphery, and the metaxylem, which matures later, occurs in the center.

This pattern refers to development from the periphery (centripetal). Hence, the youngest cells of the xylem occur at the center, such as in roots.

A

Exarch

51
Q

The protoxylem, which matures first, occurs at the center, and the metaxylem, which matures later, occurs in the periphery.

This development pattern is from the center (centrifugal), with the oldest cells closest to the center, as seen in the stem and leaf.

A

Endarch

52
Q

metaxylem develops both external and internal to the protoxylem / both toward the center of the stem and in the opposite direction toward the periphery.

Xylem in leaves and stems of ferns develop this way.

A

Mesarch

53
Q

Principal food-conducting tissue.

Substances transported in the phloem include sugar, amino acids, micronutrients, fatty acids, hormones, numerous proteins, and RNA’s.

Transports a large volume of water, serving as the principal source of water for fruits and young leaves.

A

Phloem

54
Q

How does sugar move through the phloem?

A

Passive AND active transport from source to sink

55
Q

Alive at maturity, though they lack organelles.

Have sieve plates or porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the _________.

Each __________ has a companion cell whose nucleus and ribosomes serve both cells.

A

Sieve-tube elements

56
Q

Differentiate Sieve tube vs Sieve tube elements

A

Sieve Tube: Longitudinal series of sieve tube elements attached end to end.

Sieve Tube Elements: Slightly elongated parenchymatous cells.

57
Q

Elongated cells with tapering ends.

Separate and distinct cells, unlike sieve tubes.

Sieve areas do not form sieve plates but have narrow pores all over the cell wall.

Lack companion cells

Found in lower vascular plants and gymnosperms.

A

Sieve cells

58
Q

cells that are short, living cells that act as companion cells to sieve cells.

A

Albuminous cells

59
Q

Specialized end walls of a sieve tube element that contain sieve pores.

Two protoplasts of two contiguous and functional sieve elements interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges like enlarged plasmodesmata.

Each connecting strand is encased in callose, a carbohydrate (B-1,3-glucan)

Callose accumulates in response to injury of the conducting cell.

A

Sieve plate

60
Q

What is callose composed of?

A

B-1, 3-glucan

61
Q

gives rise to a young sieve tube element and companion cell.

A

Procambial cell

62
Q

occurs during maturation : dictyosomes, microtubules, ribosomes, tonoplast, nucleus undergo disintegration

A

Selective Autophagy

63
Q

early indicators of sieve tube development.

A

Changes in the plastids and appearance of P-protein

64
Q

act as damage control team.

A

P-protein and callose

65
Q

life support system of the sieve tube element

A

Companion cell

66
Q

Abundant in secondary phloem.

Plants with hard, tough bark have fibers comprising a significant part of their secondary phloem.

Provide considerable mechanical strength for the stem.

A

Phloem Sclerenchyma: Fibers and Sclereids

BIO 101 Lec LE 2 and LE 3 (7 decks)

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