Module 10 - Roots

Question 1

Root Tissues

Answer 1

Epidermis
Cortex
And Stele

Question 2

Root origin

Answer 2

Embryonic Root - RAM
Adventitious Root - pericycle, endodermis, stem, leaf

Question 3

Functions such as
anchorage, absorption,
and transport of minerals and water and storage of photosynthate were
established

Answer 3

Roots

Question 4

Rhizoids vs ROOTS

Answer 4

Rhizoids from epidermis, roots from vascular tissue

Question 5

root-like filaments growing out of epidermal cells of non-vascular plants particularly, bryophytes, which are useful in anchoring in place and absorbing nutrients and water

Answer 5

Rhizoids

Question 6

Arise from vascular plants, ferns, and fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, always multicellular

Answer 6

Roots

Question 7

Slow gravitropism is present in?

Answer 7

Basal Vascular plant species

Question 8

Fast root gravitropism is present in

Answer 8

More recent common ancestor of the gymnosperms and angiosperms (seed plants)

Question 9

Cells used for detection of gravitropism

Answer 9

Statocytes

Question 10

Three types of roots

Answer 10

Tap
Fibrous
Adventitious

Question 11

Hierarchy of roots

Answer 11

Primary->1st order->2nd Order->3rd order

Question 12

Roots found surrounding the base just above the seminal roots

Answer 12

Brace roots

Question 13

Roots larger than the adventitious roots to one side

Answer 13

Crown Roots

Question 14

Other term for primary roots

Answer 14

Seminal Roots

Question 15

Structural Adaptations of Roots

Answer 15

Larger plants address anchorage challenges with tap root systems, while smaller ones use fibrous roots.

Roots adapt with absorptive hairs and Casparian strips preventing nutrient backflow.

Subepidermal exodermis, like endodermis, limits apoplastic water loss in drought.

Mycorrhizal associations aid nutrient absorption, especially phosphorus, in mineral-deficient areas.

Question 16

o innermost layer of cortex
o present in ALL roots and Dicot stems only

Answer 16

Endodermis

Question 17

o outer layers of cortex
o roots of many plants especially majority of the Angiosperms

Answer 17

Exodermis

Question 18

T/F Both exodermis and endodermis are ground tissues with casparian strips lined with suberin

Answer 18

F, endodermis lang

Question 19

What is the innermost portion of the cortex

Answer 19

Endodermis

Question 20

Outermost portion of the cortex

Answer 20

Exodermis or hypodermis

Question 21

What are the functions of the casparian strip?

Answer 21

Prevents unimpeded apoplastic movement into the stele.

Prevents backflow of ions that entered symplastically into the stele.

Offers protection against pathogen invasion and potential root drying during stress.

Waterproofs the endodermal cell walls

Question 22

Pathway wherein materials pass through the cell through the plasmodesmata

Answer 22

Symplastic Pathway

Question 23

Pathway where the materials pass through the interconnected cell wall spaces

Answer 23

Apoplastic pathway

Question 24

Functions of Root Cap

Answer 24

1. Mechanical Protection
2. Secretory Function
3. Gravity Perception

Question 25

New root cap cells, originating from the meristem, move outward over time, eventually shedding as the roots extend into the soil.

Answer 25

Mechanical Protection

Question 26

Functions as an immune defense mechanism through the repulsion and killing of microbial pathogens

Answer 26

Root Extracellular Trap

Question 27

Amyloplastids in statocytes that serve as sensors of gravity

Answer 27

Statoliths

Question 28

T/F Roots can be endarch

Answer 28

False, all ROOTS ARE EXARCH

Question 29

T/F In lateral root development, the pericycle divides both peri and anticlinally forming a root primordia while endodermis divides only anticlinally to protect the root primordia

Answer 29

True