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Chemistry > Module 8 to 10 > Flashcards

Module 8 to 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

the starting substance in a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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2
Q

the process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances; occurrence can be indicated by changes in temperature, color, odor, and physical state

A

Chemical reaction

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3
Q

a substance formed during a chemical reaction

A

Product

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4
Q

a statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction

A

chemical equation

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5
Q

in a chemical equation, the number written in front of a reactant or product; in a balanced equation describes the lowest whole-number ratio of the amounts of all reactants and products

A

coefficient

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6
Q

a chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to yield a single product

A

synthesis reaction

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7
Q

a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light

A

combustion reaction

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8
Q

a chemical reaction that occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds

A

decomposition reaction

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9
Q

a chemical reaction that occurs when the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound

A

single-replacement reaction

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10
Q

a chemical reaction that involves the exchange of ions between two compounds and produces either a precipitate, a gas, or water

A

double-replacement reaction

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11
Q

a solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution

A

precipitate

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12
Q

a solution in which the solvent is water

A

aqueous

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12
Q

one or more substances dissolved in a solution

A

solute

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12
Q

the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution; the most plentiful substance in the solution

A

solvent

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12
Q

an ionic equation that shows all the particles in a solution as they realistically exist

A

complete ionic equation

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12
Q

ion that does not participate in a reaction

A

spectator ion

12
Q

an ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction

A

net ionic equation

13
Q

the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance, abbreviated mol; the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of pure carbon; one mole is the amount of a pure substance that contains 6.022 × 10²³ representative particles

A

mole

14
Q

6.0221367 × 10²³, which is the number of representative particles in a mole, and can be rounded to three significant digits 6.02 × 10²³

A

Avogadro’s number

15
Q

the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance

A

molar mass

16
Q

the percent by mass of each element in a compound

A

percent composition

17
Q

a formula that shows the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements of a compound, and might or might not be the same as the actual molecular formula

A

empirical formula

18
Q

a formula that specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance

A

molecular formula

19
Q

a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms

A

hydrate

20
Q

the study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and products formed by a chemical reaction; is based on the law of conservation of mass

A

stoichiometry

21
Q

in a balanced equation, the ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances

A

mole ratio

22
Q

a reactant that is totally consumed during a chemical reaction, limits the extent of the reaction, and determines the amount of product

A

limiting reactant

23
Q

a reactant that remains after a chemical reaction stops

A

excess reactant

24
Q

in a chemical reaction, the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant

A

theoretical yield

25
Q

the amount of product produced when a chemical reaction is carried out

A

actual yield

26
Q

the ratio of actual yield (from an experiment) to theoretical yield (from stoichiometric calculations) expressed as a percent

A

percent yield

Chemistry (2 decks)

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