module 11 to 13

Question 1

Describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion.

Answer 1

Kinetic-molecular theory

Question 2

A collision between gases in which no energy is lost

Answer 2

elastic collision

Question 3

measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

Answer 3

temperature

Question 4

Movement of one material through another.

Answer 4

diffusion

Question 5

states that the rate of effusion/diffusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Answer 5

Graham’s law of effusion

Question 6

Force per unit area

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

Used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Answer 7

barometer

Question 8

SI unit of pressure; equal to one newton per square meter

Answer 8

pascal

Question 9

Equal to 101.3 Kilopascal (kPa)

Answer 9

atmosphere

Question 10

States that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of pressures of all gases in the mixture.

Answer 10

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Question 11

Weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of the electrons in electron clouds.

Answer 11

dispersion force

Question 12

Attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

Answer 12

dipole-dipole force

Question 13

A dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with at least one lone electron pair.

Answer 13

hydrogen bond

Question 14

Measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.

Answer 14

viscosity

Question 15

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount.

Answer 15

surface tension

Question 16

Compounds that lower the surface tension of water

Answer 16

surfactant

Question 17

solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric structure

Answer 17

crystalline solid

Question 18

The smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice

Answer 18

unit cell

Question 19

Elements that exist in different forms at the same state.

Answer 19

allotrope

Question 20

Solids not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern; the opposite of crystalline solids

Answer 20

amorphous solid

Question 21

The temperature at which the forces that hold the crystal lattice of a solid together are broken and becomes a liquid.

Answer 21

melting point

Question 22

Process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor.

Answer 22

vaporization

Question 23

When vaporization only occurs only at the surface of a liquid.

Answer 23

evaporation

Question 24

The pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid is called

Answer 24

vapor pressure

Question 25

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure

Answer 25

boiling point

Question 26

The temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid.

Answer 26

freezing point

Question 27

The process by which a gas or a vapor becomes a liquid.

Answer 27

condensation

Question 28

process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor into a solid without becoming a liquid.

Answer 28

deposition

Question 29

A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows in which phase a substance exists under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

Answer 29

phase diagram

Question 30

The point on a phase diagram that represents the temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance can coexist.

Answer 30

triple point

Question 31

States that the volume of a fixed amount of a gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure.

Answer 31

Boyle's law

Question 32

Zero on the Kelvin scale; represents the lowest possible theoretical temperature.

Answer 32

absolute zero

Question 33

States that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure.

Answer 33

Charles's law

Question 34

States that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant.

Answer 34

Gay-Lussac's law

Question 35

States that the relationships between pressure, temperature, and volume of a fixed amount of gas.

Answer 35

Combined Gas law

Question 36

States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

Answer 36

Avogadro's principle

Question 37

The volume that 1 mol occupies at 0.00 degrees Celsius and 1.00 atm.

Answer 37

molar volume | I mole has 22.4L

Question 38

The conditions of 0.00 degrees Celsius and 1.00 atm.

Answer 38

standard temperature and pressure (STP)

Question 39

Experiments using known values of P, V, T, and n have determined the value of this constant

Answer 39

Ideal gas constant | Represented by R

Question 40

Describes the physical behavior of an ideal gas in terms of the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present.

Answer 40

Ideal gas law

Question 41

A mixture containing particles that are large enough that, if left undisturbed, will settle out over time due to gravity.

Answer 41

Suspension

Question 42

Heterogenous mixture of intermediate size that cannot be separated by settling or filtration.

Answer 42

colloid

Question 43

The erratic movement of colloid particles

Answer 43

Brownian motion

Question 44

The scattered light by dispersed colloid particles.

Answer 44

Tyndall effect

Question 45

A substance that can dissolve in a solvent is...

Answer 45

soluble

Question 46

Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion are...

Answer 46

miscible

Question 47

A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is...

Answer 47

insoluble

Question 48

Two liquids that can be mixed but separate shortly after are...

Answer 48

immiscible

Question 49

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution.

Answer 49

concentration

Question 50

The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution concentration

Answer 50

molarity (M)

Question 51

Describes solutions in terms of how many moles of solute are dissolved in a specific mass(kg) of solvent

Answer 51

molality | m

Question 52

The ratio of the number of moles of solute or solvent in solution to the total number of moles of solute and solvent

Answer 52

mole fraction

Question 53

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution

Answer 53

solvation

Question 54

The overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation process

Answer 54

heat of solution

Question 55

Occur when no more solute can be dissolved.

Answer 55

saturated solution

Question 56

Contain less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution

Answer 56

unsaturated solution

Question 57

Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

Answer 57

supersaturated solution

Question 58

States that at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid directly proportional to the pressure

Answer 58

Henry's law

Question 59

Physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles but not by the identity of dissolved particles

Answer 59

colligative property

Question 60

Due to the number of solute particles in solution and is colligative property of solutions

Answer 60

vapor pressure lowering

Question 61

The temperature difference between a solution's boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point

Answer 61

boiling point elevation

Question 62

A solution's difference in temperature between its freezing point and the freezing point of its pure solvent

Answer 62

freezing point depression

Question 63

The diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 63

osmosis

Question 64

The amount of additional pressure cause by water molecules that moved into the concentrated solution

Answer 64

osmotic pressure