Module 8: The Internet Protocol Flashcards
Explain the features of an IP address.
A host needs an ___ to participate on the internet and almost all LANs today.
IPv4 address
The ___ is a logical network address that identifies a particular host.
IPv4 address
It must be properly configured and unique within the LAN, for local communication. It must also be properly configured and unique in the world, for remote communication. This is how a host is able to communicate with other devices on the internet.
IPv4 address must be properly configured and unique within the LAN, for ___ communication. It must also be properly configured and unique in the world, for ___ communication. This is how a host is able to communicate with other devices on the internet.
local, remote
An IPv4 address is assigned to the network interface connection for a host. This connection is usually a ___ installed in the device.
network interface card (NIC)
Examples of end-user devices with network interfaces include workstations, servers, network printers, and IP phones. Some servers can have more than one NIC and each of these has its own IPv4 address. Router interfaces that provide connections to an IP network will also have an IPv4 address.
Every packet sent across the internet has a ___ and ___ IPv4 address. This information is required by networking devices to ensure the information gets to the destination and any replies are returned to the source.
source, destination
8.1.2 Octets and Dotted-Decimal Notation
IPv4 addresses are 32 bits in length. Here is an IPv4 address in binary:
11010001101001011100100000000001
Notice how difficult this address is to read. Imagine having to configure devices with a series of 32 bits! For this reason, the 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets like this:
11010001.10100101.11001000.00000001
That’s better, but still difficult to read. That’s why we convert each octet into its decimal value, separated by a decimal point or period. The above binary IPv4 becomes this dotted-decimal representation:
209.165.200.1
Noted
IPv4 addresses are ___ bits in length.
32
Here is an IPv4 address in binary: 11010001101001011100100000000001
Notice how difficult this address is to read.
Imagine having to configure devices with a series of 32 bits! For this reason, the 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called ___.
octets
Like this: ike this: 11010001.10100101.11001000.00000001
That’s better, but still difficult to read.
Octets are still quite hard to read, that’s why we convert each octet into its ___ value, separated by a decimal point or period.
decimal
The above binary IPv4 becomes this dotted-decimal representation:
209.165.200.1
8.2.1 Video - The IPv4 Address Structure
How IP Addressing Works in a Multi-Network Environment
IP addressing is essential for communication across multiple networks. Initially, we discussed IP addresses in a single local network, but when multiple networks exist, devices must determine whether a destination is on the same network or a different one.
1. Network Segmentation with IP Addresses
In a multi-network setup, different departments (e.g., Network Management, Accounting, Sales) each have a unique IP addressing structure within their Local Area Network (LAN).
Every IP address consists of two main parts:
- Network Component – Identifies the network a device belongs to.
- Host Component – Uniquely identifies a device within that network.
For example, in the Sales Department, devices share the network 192.168.3.0, meaning the first three octets (192.168.3) are the network portion, while the last octet (e.g., .10) is the host portion. No two devices within the same network can have the same host address.
2. Identifying Different Networks
Each department has a different network portion of the IP address:
- Sales Network: 192.168.3.x
- Network Management: 192.168.1.x
- Accounting Network: 192.168.2.x
If a device moves from one network to another, its IP address must be updated to match the new network’s structure. Otherwise, it will not be able to communicate within the new network.
3. Key Takeaways
- Devices on the same local network must have the same network portion of the IP address.
- The host portion must be unique within the network.
- If a device is moved to a different network, its IP address must be updated accordingly.
- Incorrect IP addressing prevents communication in an IP network.
Noted
In an IP network, devices on the same local network must share the same ___ portion of the IP address, while the ___ portion must be unique.
network, host
Every IP address consists of two main parts:
* ___
* ___
- Network Component – Identifies the network a device belongs to.
- Host Component – Uniquely identifies a device within that network.
IP address
Identifies the network a device belongs to.
Network Component
IP address
Uniquely identifies a device within that network.
Host Component
For example, in the Sales Department, devices share the network 192.168.3.0, meaning the first three octets (192.168.3) are the ___ portion, while the last octet (e.g., .10) is the ___ portion.
network, host
No two devices within the same network can have the same host address.
Devices on the same local network must have the ___ network portion of the IP address, and the host portion must be ___ within the network.
same, unique
The logical 32-bit IPv4 address is ___ and is made up of two parts, the network and the host.
hierarchical
As an example, there is a host with an IPv4 address 192.168.5.11 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The first three octets, (192.168.5), identify the network portion of the address, and the last octet, (11) identifies the host. This is known as hierarchical addressing because the network portion indicates the network on which each unique host address is located. Routers only need to know how to reach each network, rather than needing to know the location of each individual host.
The ___ is used to identify the network on which the host is connected.
subnet mask
In the figure, the network portion is blue, and the host portion is red. Both parts are required in an IPv4 address. Both networks have the subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
With IPv4 addressing, multiple ___ networks can exist on one ___ network if the network portion of the logical network host addresses is different.
logical, physical
For example: three hosts on a single, physical local network have the same network portion of their IPv4 address (192.168.18) and three other hosts have different network portions of their IPv4 addresses (192.168.5). The hosts with the same network number in their IPv4 addresses will be able to communicate with each other, but will not be able to communicate with the other hosts without the use of routing. In this example, there is one physical network and two logical IPv4 networks.
Another example of a hierarchical network is the telephone system. With a telephone number, the country code, area code, and exchange represent the network address and the remaining digits represent a local phone number.
8.2.3 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Address Structure
Host-A has the IPv4 address and subnet mask 10.5.4.100 255.255.255.0. What is the network address of Host-A?
◯ 10.0.0.0
◯ 10.5.0.0
◯ 10.5.4.100
◯ 10.5.4.0
10.5.4.0
When solving for network address:
If the subnet mask is 255, keep that octet from the IP address.
If the subnet mask is 0, replace that octet with 0.
8.2.3 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Address Structure
Host-A has the IPv4 address and subnet mask 172.16.4.100 255.255.0.0. What is the network address of Host-A?
◯ 172.0.0.0
◯ 172.16.0.0
◯ 172.16.4.0
◯ 172.16.4.100
172.16.0.0
When solving for network address:
If the subnet mask is 255, keep that octet from the IP address.
If the subnet mask is 0, replace that octet with 0.
8.2.3 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Address Structure
Host-A has the IPv4 address and subnet mask 10.5.4.100 255.255.255.0. Which of the following IPv4 addresses would be on the same network as Host-A? (Choose all that apply)
▢ 10.0.0.98
▢ 10.5.0.1
▢ 10.5.100.4
▢ 10.5.4.99
▢ 10.5.4.1
10.5.4.99
10.5.4.1
First three octets must be the same to be part of the same network.
8.2.3 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Address Structure
Host-A has the IPv4 address and subnet mask 172.16.4.100 255.255.0.0. Which of the following IPv4 addresses would be on the same network as Host-A? (Choose all that apply)
▢ 172.18.4.1
▢ 172.16.4.99
▢ 172.17.4.1
▢ 172.17.4.99
▢ 172.16.0.1
172.16.4.99
172.16.0.1
- Since the subnet mask 255.255.0.0 means the first two octets (172.16) define the network
- Any IP that starts with 172.16.x.x is on the same network.
8.2.3 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Address Structure
Host-A has the IPv4 address and subnet mask 192.168.1.50 255.255.255.0. Which of the following IPv4 addresses would be on the same network as Host-A? (Choose all that apply)
▢ 192.168.0.1
▢ 192.168.1.1
▢ 192.168.2.1
▢ 192.168.0.100
▢ 192.168.1.100
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.100
IP addresses with the same first three octets belong to the same network when the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, as the 255 in those octets designates the network portion.
8.3.1 What Did I Learn in this Module?
Purpose of the IPv4 Address
The IPv4 address is a logical network address that identifies a particular host. It must be properly configured and unique within the LAN, for local communication. It must also be properly configured and unique in the world, for remote communication.
An IPv4 address is assigned to the network interface connection for a host. This connection is usually a NIC installed in the device.
Every packet sent across the internet has a source and destination IPv4 address. This information is required by networking devices to ensure the information gets to the destination and any replies are returned to the source.
Noted
The IPv4 Address Structure
The logical 32-bit IPv4 address is hierarchical and is made up of two parts, the network, and the host.
As an example, there is a host with an IPv4 address 192.168.5.11 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The first three octets, (192.168.5), identify the network portion of the address, and the last octet, (11) identifies the host. This is known as hierarchical addressing because the network portion indicates the network on which each unique host address is located.
Routers only need to know how to reach each network, rather than needing to know the location of each individual host. With IPv4 addressing, multiple logical networks can exist on one physical network if the network portion of the logical network host addresses is different.
Noted
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
What criterion must be followed in the design of an IPv4 addressing scheme for end devices?
◯ Each IP address must match the address that is assigned to the host by DNS.
◯ Each IP address must be unique within the local network.
◯ Each IP address needs to be compatible with the MAC address.
◯ Each local host should be assigned an IP address with a unique network component.
Each IP address must be unique within the local network.
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
How many octets exist in an IPv4 address?
◯ 4
◯ 8
◯ 16
◯ 32
4
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
Which two parts are components of an IPv4 address? (Choose two.)
▢ subnet portion
▢ network portion
▢ logical portion
▢ host portion
▢ physical portion
▢ broadcast portion
network portion
host portion
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
What is the purpose of the subnet mask in conjunction with an IP address?
◯ to uniquely identify a host on a network
◯ to identify whether the address is public or private
◯ to determine the subnet to which the host belongs
◯ to mask the IP address to outsiders
to determine the subnet to which the host belongs
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
A technician is setting up equipment on a network. Which three devices will need IP addresses?
(Choose three.)
▢ a printer with an integrated NIC
▢ a web camera that is attached directly to a host
▢ a server with two NICs
▢ an IP phone
▢ a wireless mouse
▢ a PDA that is attached to a networked workstation
▢ a printer with an integrated NIC
▢ a server with two NICs
▢ an IP phone
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
Which statement describes the relationship of a physical network and logical IPv4 addressed networks?
◯ A local physical network supports one IPv4 logical network.
◯ A physical network can connect multiple devices of different IPv4 logical networks.
◯ All devices connected to a physical network need to belong to the same IPv4 logical network.
◯ End devices on different IPv4 logical networks can communicate with each other if they all connect to the same switch.
A physical network can connect multiple devices of different IPv4 logical networks.
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
How large are IPv4 addresses?
◯ 8 bits
◯ 16 bits
◯ 32 bits
◯ 64 bits
◯ 128 bits
32 bits
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
What is the network number for an IPv4 address 172.16.34.10 with the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?
◯ 10
◯ 34.10
◯ 172.16.0.0
◯ 172.16.34.0
172.16.34.0
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
What are two features of IPv4 addresses? (Choose two.)
▢ An IPv4 address contains 8 octets.
▢ IPv4 is a logical addressing scheme.
▢ An IPv4 addressing scheme is hierarchical.
▢ IPv4 addresses are only used for communications on the internet.
▢ An IPv4 address is bound to a network interface card to make it unique.
IPv4 is a logical addressing scheme.
An IPv4 addressing scheme is hierarchical.
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
Consider the group of five IPv4 addresses each with the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Which two IPv4 addresses belong to the same local network? (Choose two.)
▢ 192.168.10.2
▢ 193.168.10.16
▢ 192.168.10.56
▢ 192.167.10.74
▢ 192.168.100.62
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.56
8.3.3 The Internet Protocol Quiz
The IT group needs to design and deploy IPv4 network connectivity in a new high school computer lab. The network design requires multiple logical networks be deployed on one physical network. Which technology is required to enable computers on different logical networks to communicate with each other?
◯ routing
◯ hosting
◯ mapping
◯ switching
routing
