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BMSC 200 > module 8: lipids > Flashcards

module 8: lipids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the defining feature of lipids?

A

insoluble in water

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2
Q

lipids form ( ) rather than polymers

A

aggregates

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3
Q

true or false: lipids have the lowest molecular weight compared to other biomolecules

A

true

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4
Q

how to fatty acids differ?

A

length & degree saturation

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5
Q

what are fatty acids?

A

hydrocarbon derivatives

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6
Q

how many double bonds so saturated & unsaturated fatty acids have?

A

saturated: 0
unsaturated: 1

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7
Q

what configuration are double bonds usually found in?

A

cis configuration

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8
Q

how are double bonds usually separated?

A

by a methylene group

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9
Q

do long chain fatty acids have stronger or weaker associates than short chains?

A

stronger

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10
Q

do saturated chains have stronger or weaker associates than unsaturated chains?

A

stronger

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11
Q

what does the melting temperature of a fatty acid reflect?

A

length & degree of saturation

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12
Q

fatty acids required for energy are stored as?

A

triacylglycerols

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13
Q

lipids occupy most of the ( ) space in ( )

A

intracellular, adipocytes

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14
Q

what are triacylglycerols?

A

3 fatty acids linked to glycerol through ester linkages

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15
Q

what does the ester linkage remove?

A

the polar caroboxyl group to make hydrophobic molecule

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16
Q

there is ( )x as much energy in lipids than carbohydrates?

A

6x

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17
Q

do triaclyglycerols have lower or higher oxygenation & hydration state than carbohydrates?

A

lower

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18
Q

what is saponification?

A

fat breaks ester linkages to release free fatty acids

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19
Q

what are micelles?

A

individual wedge-shaped units

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20
Q

what does olestra consist of?

A

8 fatty acids linked to a sugar group

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21
Q

what is wax made of?

A

non-polar esters of long chain fatty acids & long chain monohydroxylic alcohols

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22
Q

what is the melting point of wax?

A

60-100 C

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23
Q

what is the function of membranes?

A

define cells & regulate composition of intracellular environment

24
Q

how are membranes formed?

A

spontaneous

25
Q

what is the most abundant lipid in membranes?

A

glyceolphospholipids

26
Q

what is the backbone of glyceolphospholipids?

A

glycerol with a phosphate at C3 position

27
Q

what is a phosphatidate made of?

A

glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 fatty acids

28
Q

what is Phosphatidylinositol involved in?

A

intracellular signal transduction

29
Q

what do plant cells often contain?

A

glacatolipids

30
Q

what are glacatolipids made of?

A

1-2 galactose groups linked to a C3 of diacylglycerol

31
Q

what are sphingolipids derived from?

A

sphingosine

32
Q

what is a sphingosine?

A

long chain amino alcohol

33
Q

what is a sphingolipid made of?

A

1 fatty acid is linked by amide bond to bond ceramide

34
Q

what do glycosphingolipids determine?

A

blood type

35
Q

what do different blood types reflect?

A

different sugar patterns

36
Q

archaebacteria (extremeophiles) lives under ( ) conditons of temp, pH & ionic strength

A

high conditons

37
Q

what are steroids made of?

A

3 six carbon rings and 1 five carbon D-ring

38
Q

what is the main function of cholesterol?

A

mediating membrane fluidity

39
Q

what does the activation of phospholipase C cause?

A

the cleavage of head group to produce inositol

40
Q

what are ghost signals?

A

used as back up to ensure activation

41
Q

what does the polar group of phosphatidylinositols do?

A

migrates to the ER to release Ca & activate kinases

42
Q

what are eicosnoids?

A

paracine hormones

43
Q

what are paracrine hormones?

A

act on cells near point of production

44
Q

function of prostaglandins?

A

construction of blood vessels & control blood flow

45
Q

what are thromboxnes involved in?

A

blood clot formation

46
Q

function of leukotrienes

A

smooth-muscle contractions

47
Q

what are steroids hormones made of?

A

hydrophobic, non-polar oxidized sterol derivatives

48
Q

what do steroid hormones affect?

A

gene expression & metabolism

49
Q

what are the 4 lipid vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

50
Q

what is the main function of vitamin D?

A

regulates calcium uptake & deposition

51
Q

what can excessive amounts of vitamin D cause?

A

calcification of soft tissue

52
Q

what 3 forms are vitamin A formed in?

A

retinol (alcohol)
aldehyde (retinal)
retinioc acid

53
Q

what is the name for vitamin E

A

alpha-tocopherol

54
Q

what does vitamin E do in response to light?

A

change cis & trans configurations

55
Q

what is Rickets?

A

insufficient vitamin D associated with skeletal defects, can be reversed

56
Q

function of vitamin K

A

synthesis of blood coagulation proteins

BMSC 200 (10 decks)

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