MODULE 8: EFFECTS OF HAZARD, EXPOSURE, AND VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER RISKS

Question 1

is a harmful condition, substance, human behavior or condition that
can cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of
livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or damage to the
environment. Any risk which is imminent is threat.

Answer 1

Hazard

Question 2

the presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from
a natural or man-made hazard event. Elements include the individuals, households
or communities, properties, buildings and structures, agricultural commodities,
livelihoods, and public facilities, infrastructures and environmental assets present
in an area that are subject to potential damage or even losses. The more a community
is exposed to hazard factors, the higher is the disaster risk or higher chance disaster
occurrence

Answer 2

Exposure

Question 3

means the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of
a hazard and inability of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and
respond to hazardous events

Answer 3

Vulnerability

Question 4

implies the probability of possible adverse effects. This results from the
interaction of social and environmental systems, from the combination of physical
danger, and exposed item vulnerabilities.

Answer 4

Risk

Question 5

a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society
which causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that
exceed the capacity of the community or society concerned to cope with the use of
their own resources. It results from the mix of hazards, risk conditions and
inadequate capability or measures.

Answer 5

Disaster

Question 6

on the other hand, are distinct. A certain
community can be exposed but it does not mean that it is vulnerable. Buildings and
structures in Japan are exposed to earthquake, but they are not vulnerable since
their architectural and engineering designs are earthquake proof or resistant.
However, to become vulnerable, it must be exposed to hazard first.

Answer 6

Exposure and Vulnerability

Question 7

Buildings: Urban land use,
construction types, building height,
building age, total floor space,
replacement costs.
Monuments and cultural heritage

Answer 7

Physical elements

Question 8

Density of population, distribution in
space, distribution in time, age
distribution, gender distribution,
handicapped, income distribution

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

Emergency shelters, Schools, Hospitals,
Fire Brigades, Police,

Answer 9

Essential facilities

Question 10

Organization of population,
governance, community organization,
government support, socio-economic
levels. Cultural heritage and
traditions.

Answer 10

Socioeconomic aspects

Question 11

Roads, railway, metro, public
transportation systems, harbor facilities,
airport facilities.

Answer 11

Transportation Facilities

Question 12

Spatial distribution of economic
activities, input-output table,
dependency, redundancy,
unemployment, economic
production in various sectors.

Answer 12

Economic activities

Question 13

Water supply, electricity supply, gas
supply, telecommunications, mobile
telephone network, sewage system.

Answer 13

Life lines

Question 14

Ecosystems, protected areas, natural
parks, environmentally sensitive
areas, forests, wetlands, aquifers,
flora, fauna, biodiversity.

Answer 14

Environmental elements

Question 15

those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and
risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or
disaster takes place.

Answer 15

Disaster mitigation measures

Question 16

the action of reducing something’s severity,
seriousness, or painfulness.

Answer 16

Mitigation