MODULE 2: RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS

Question 1

the “elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event
(Quebral, 2016).

Answer 1

Exposure

Question 2

-a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or
human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and
economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

Answer 2

Hazard

Question 3

• the condition determined by physical, social, economic and
  environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community
  to the impact of hazard (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United nation, FAO
  2008)

Answer 3

Vulnerability

Question 4

3 Important Elements of Disaster Risk

Answer 4

Exposure
Hazard
Vulnerability

Question 5

processes or conditions, often development-related, that
influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability
or reducing capacity.

Answer 5

Risk Factors

Question 6

measures those who experience disaster firsthand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those
who have awareness of the disaster only through news.

Answer 6

Severity of Exposure

Question 7

• the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This
  worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed
  under strain

Answer 7

Gender and Family

Question 8

adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do

Answer 8

Age

Question 9

evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developed countries

Answer 9

Economic Status of Country

Question 10

Factors which underlie disasters

Answer 10

Climate Change
Environmental Degradation
Globalized Economic Development
Poverty and Inequality
Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development
Weak Governance

Question 11

can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the
frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and
changing exposure patterns.

Answer 11

Climate Change

Question 12

change that can be attributed “directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and
which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time
periods”

(UNFCCC)

Answer 12

Climate Change

Question 13

changes to the environment can influence the
frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these
hazards.

Answer 13

Environmental Degradation

Question 14

It results in an increased polarization
between the rich and poor on a global scale.

Answer 14

Globalized Economic Development

Question 15

Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures

Answer 15

Poverty and Inequality

Question 16

A new wave of urbanization
is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient
investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated
in cities. The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in
cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly
planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with areas of
high-risk exposure.

Answer 16

Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development

Question 17

These zones are investment environments in
which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with [ANSWER]

(UNISDR, 2015a)

Answer 17

Weak Governance

Question 18

the specific
arrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk (UNISDR,
2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in
UNISDR, 2015a). This reflects how risk is valued against a backdrop of broader social
and economic concerns (Holley et al., 2011).

Answer 18

Disaster Risk Governance

Question 19

. The elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.

Answer 19

EXPOSURE

Question 20

These are processes or conditions, often development-related, that
influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and
vulnerability or reducing capacity

Answer 20

DISASTER RISK

Question 21

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of hazard

Answer 21

VULNERABILITY

Question 22

Damage to both public and private infrastructures

Answer 22

INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE

Question 23

Many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions
which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health
care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water

Answer 23

POTENTIAL DISPLACEMENT