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HLST 110 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What defines gender at birth?

A

Physical characteristics

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2
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Socially constructed def.
How a person feels about themself

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3
Q

How was a woman created in the bible?

A

A rib taken from Adam

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4
Q

Medical authors considered women’s reproductive organs as….

A

Imperfect males genitalia that had yet to mature

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5
Q

Women was considered an ________ and _______ version of man

A

Inferior and immature

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6
Q

Hippocrates says women were disposed to ________ _____ because of their ________ of their body. Therefore they ________ high quantities of blood in their _______. This condition and a “wandering uterus” drove them to ________.

A

Excessive fluid
Porosity
Collected
Breasts
Hysteria

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7
Q

Herophilus of Chalcedon (330-260 BC)- Greek Physician
-Did human _______.
-The uterus did not ______.
-Female body was a “_________” of males except “conceding, nourishing what has been conceived, giving birth, ripening of the milk”
-He linked hysteria to _________ ________

A

Dissections
Wander
Replica
Postpartum Fatigue

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8
Q

Middle Ages
Hysteria was identified as a sign of witchcraft, allowing for _______ of women

A

Persecution

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9
Q

Women in medical practice
What was Maria Petroncini Ferretti (1788) first for?

A

First female surgeon in Florence

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10
Q

Women in medical practice
What did Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) found?

A

Modern nursing

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11
Q

Women in medical practice
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) was the first woman to receive _________?

A

An MD degree from an American Medical School

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12
Q

Historically, women or men had shorter life expectancies? (Now, this sex outlives the other)

A

Women

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13
Q

Women or men have more chronic illness and disability

A

Women
Illness and disabilities include Allergies, arthritis, rheumatism, asthma, high blood pressure, emphysema, depression.

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14
Q

Women or men used to die quicker due to lower status, maternal death, and poor nutrition.

A

Women

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15
Q

On average, women or men die 5 years earlier than the other.

A

Men

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16
Q

70.7% of this sex die from cardiovascular disease, tumours, chronic illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, accidents, pneumonia, flu, suicide, kidney disease, liver/cirrhosis.

A

Men

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17
Q

Why do females outlive males?

A

Males have higher BP, cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein)
Males have higher chance of dying in first years of life from congenital malformation and genetically linked disease
Accidents and suicide
Smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption
Food consumption (overeating, unhealthy diet, fat distribution)
Job strain

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18
Q

Men are less likely to seek ________ ______ that women.

A

Medical help
This can also be a reason that women dismiss women’s health concerns

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19
Q

Until around 1920, in western culture, pink was the colour for boys/girls?

A

Boys
Pink➡️blood➡️masculine=war and blood

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20
Q

Until around 1920, in western culture, light blue was the colour for boys/girls?

A

Girls
Light blue= colour of the mantel of the Virgin Mary

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21
Q

What is a centenarian?

A

A person who lives to or beyond the age 100 yrs

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22
Q

What is a super-centenarian?

A

A person who has lived to the age of 110 or more. Only achieved by about 1 in 1,000 centenarians.

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23
Q

How many centenarians are there per 100,000 ppl in the US?

A

10-20

24
Q

Who was Jeanne Cleament?

A

French super-centenarian from Arles
Oldest human documented @ 122 yrs and 164 days

25
Q

In bigger Saskatchewan there was a man who lived to be……?

A

107 and drank 4 bottles of wine almost every day in adulthood

26
Q

In the 1920s, life expectancy was only ___ for males and _____ for females

A

59 for males, 61 for females

27
Q

Today, life expectancy is ____ for males and ___ for females

A

80 for males, 84 for females

28
Q

In 2001 there was ____ centenarians.

A

3795

29
Q

In 2022 there are _____ centenarians

A

13,484

30
Q

In 2011, there was __ centenarians per 100,000 people

A

31

31
Q

The 2011 Census counted 4,870 women/men and 955 women/men aged 100 and over

A

4,870 women and 955 men.
The corresponding sex ratio is 500 women for ever 100 men, the highest of all age groups

32
Q

Among the Canadian population, there were slightly more men then women up to age __, after which there were more women than men.

A

26

33
Q

What is a fountain of youth?

A

A spring that supposedly restores the health of anyone who drinks or bathes in its waters.

34
Q

According to a popular legend, a Spanish explorer, Ponce de Leon, discovered Florida in 1513 while searching for the _____ __ _____. At the time, it was written that he was looking for the “waters of Bimini” to cure his ______. It is arguably a myth that the ________ __ youth was what he was searching for.

A

Fountain of youth, aging, fountain of

35
Q

What are some factors to living to be 100? (3)

A

Inherited genes or your own biology
Where you live
The choices you make

36
Q

What is the “Blue Zone”?

A

An area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island
Has the highest concentration on male centenarians

37
Q

what do people in the blue zones do differently? (Factors in living a long life part of module 8)

A

Regular low-level activity, plant-prioritized diet, eat until you are 80% full, inter generational family, strong friendship structure, pause for nature for 24hrs/week

38
Q

Siblings of centenarians also have a higher probability of ________ to an exceptionally old ___.

A

Surviving, age

39
Q

Recently, a 20-year 30% dietary restriction applied to adult resuscitate monkeys was shown to reduce age-related ______.

A

Death

40
Q

In humans, dietary restriction provides a major and sustained beneficial effects against ______, insulin ________, inflammation, oxidative stress, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

A

Obesity, insulin resistance

41
Q

(Hard) Extreme dietary restriction can lead to several detrimental health effects such as…..

A

Amenorrhea, infertility, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and immune deficiencies.

42
Q

What is the life cycle?

A

Process of aging from birth to death.
Life cycle implies a predictable and universal set of stages through which one will pass, which is not the case.

43
Q

What is the life course and what are the 4 stages of it?

A

The individual development that takes place in a Social Context.
1.childhood, 2.adolescence, 3.adulthood, 4.old age

44
Q

What is childbirth?

A

The end of pregnancy, one or more babies leave the uterus by passing through the hoohaa or by C-section

45
Q

Medicalization is a process where……

A

A situation formerly considered ‘natural’ is subsumed into the biomedical sphere.
It considers the situation of being pregnant like the condition of her being ill.

46
Q

Childbirth in pre-modern times was _________ and could frequently result in ______ of _______ and _______.

A

Dangerous, death, mother, child

47
Q

In the Middle Ages, age __ was considered adult. We need to acknowledge that what defines childhood is NOT a universal constant (time, culture changes this)

A

7

48
Q

What is adolescence?

A

A transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood.
Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years

49
Q

What is adulthood?

A

Used to be characterized by leaving home, completing school, finding a job, getting married, having children. Now it varies, ppl leave home later in life and may delay getting married/having kids

50
Q

Family circumstances play a key role in individual _________ _________.

A

Biological development

51
Q

The “golden age”, also known as retirement, is now represented as the acquisition of ________ rather than the loss of __________. But this golden age depends on having _______ and ______.

A

Leisure, employment, wealth, money

52
Q

What are 3 processes contributing to Privatization of Death?

A

Decline in public exposure to death/dying- we don’t see people die from infections epidemics
Decline in the culture of public mourning- don’t take much time off to grieve and mourn
Medicalization of death and dying- a patient who doesn’t respond to treatment may be seen as a “bad” patient within a hospital bc we can’t save them

53
Q

For many children in North America, their first exposure to death comes from _____ ______.

A

Disney movies (Heidi, Bambi, Harry Potter, Lion King, Finding Nemo, Up, Frozen)

54
Q

What is grief?

A

Inward feelings and thoughts about loss of a loved one. It is an internal process and in universal.

55
Q

What is mourning?

A

The external expression of grief (crying, visiting the grave, etc)

56
Q

What are 5 ways to mourn healthily?

A

Give yourself time, talk to others, take care of yourself, return to your hobbies, join a support group

57
Q

How does grief differ in cultures?

A

A lot to type but some encourage crying at funerals, some don’t (Japan). Sometimes women are allowed to cry but men aren’t (Latino cultures)

HLST 110 (2 decks)

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