Module 7 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app)

Question 1

Fill in the blanks:

DNA ————–> RNA ————-> Protein

a._________ b. _________

Answer 1

a. transcription

b. translation

Question 2

An RNA strand has an anticodon. Is is tRNA or mRNA?

Answer 2

tRNA

Question 3

Protein synthesis is occuring in a ribosome. Is this a part of transcription or translation?

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

Suppose scientists determine that a set of genes is significantly more prevalent in murderers than in the population at large. Would that mean that murderers are not at fault for what they do? Why or why not?

Answer 4

This would NOT mean that murders have no fault for what they do. Most genes only establish genetic trends. Environmental and spiritual factors affect the extent to which you follow those trends. Even if you have a genetic tendency to murder, the choices that you make can keep you from following the tendency.

Question 5

If you look under a microscope and see distinct chromosomes in a cell, is the cell in interphase? Why or why not?

Answer 5

It is not in interphase. Chromosomes only pack into their condensed form during reproduction.

Question 6

List (in order) the four stages of mitosis.

Answer 6

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 7

See page 226, #9

Answer 7

a. telophase
b. prophse
c. metaphase
d. anaphase

Question 8

The diploid number of a cell is 16. What is its haploid number?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

The haploid number of a cell is 9. What is its diploid number?

Answer 9

18

Question 10

What is the difference between a gamete and a regular animal cell?

Answer 10

A gamete is haploid while a regular animal cell is diploid.

Question 11

List (in order) all of the stages of meiosis.

Answer 11

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II

Question 12

Which is closer to mitosis: meiosis I or meiosis II?

Answer 12

meiosis II

Question 13

A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many cells result at the end of meiosis I? How many chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?

Answer 13

two cells; each cell has seven chromosomes and are duplicated

Question 14

Four cells that originally (prior to meiosis I) had seven pairs of homologous chromosomes go through meiosis II. How many cells result? How many (total) chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?

Answer 14

there are eight cells produced, there are seven chromosomes in each, but the chromosomes are not duplicated

Question 15

What are gametes produced in male animals called? What are gametes produced in female animals called?

Answer 15

Male gametes are called sperm, while female gametes are called eggs.

Question 16

How many useful gametes are produced in the meiosis of male animals? What about female animals?

Answer 16

Male animals produce four useful gametes with each meiosis, while female animals produce only one.

Question 17

What is the difference between polar body and an egg?

Answer 17

A polar body is a non-functional female gamete, because it is far too small to function properly. An egg is the one female gamete produced by meiosis that is large enough to function properly.

Question 18

What gamete can move on its own: the male gamete or the female gamete?

Answer 18

the male gamete can move on its own

Question 19

What is the purpose of lytic pathway?

Answer 19

The lytic pathway is the way in which viruses reproduce, killing the cells of its host.

Question 20

If a virus uses DNA as its genetic material, is it alive? Why or why not?

Answer 20

No virus is alive, because a virus cannot reproduce on its own.

Question 21

A person decides to wait until he contracts measles before getting the vaccine? What is wrong with this strategy?

Answer 21

A vaccine is only good if you take it before getting infected, because it is meant to build up the antibodies that you need to fight the virus off before it overwhelms your body.

Question 22

A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
guanine, cytosine, adenine, adenine, thymine, guanine

a. What will the mRNA sequence be?
b. How many amino acids will the mRNA code for?
c. How many codons will the mRNA have?
d. What are the anticodons on the tRNA that will bond to the mRNA?

Answer 22

a. cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine, cytosine
b. two amino acids
c. two codons
d. guanine, cytosine, adenine & adenine, uracil, guanine