Module 7: The Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
Cerebrum
Collective term for the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
Foramen
A round opening in a bone.
Broca’s Area
Area of the brain involved in speech production.
Wernick’s Area
Area of the brain involved in understanding language.
Gustatory
Taste.
Olfactory
Smell.
Lateralization
The dominance or division of activities between the two cerebral hemispheres.
Decussation of the Pyramids
The point in the brainstem where nerve fibers from the motor cortex of each cerebral hemisphere cross over to control the voluntary movements of the opposite side of the body.
Meninges
Membranes of connective tissue that cover and protect the central nervous system.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Protective plasma that surrounds and penetrates the central nervous system structures.
Nerve
Bundles of neuron processes in the peripheral nervous system.
Tract
Bundles of neuron processes in the central nervous system.
Ganglia
Clusters of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
Nuclei
Clusters of cell bodies in the central nervous system.
Dura Mater
Tough, outer meningeal layer.
Arachnoid Mater
Middle meningeal layer.
Pia Mater
Delicate, inner meningeal layer.
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Liquid cushion surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Exteroceptors
Detect stimuli that arises from outside the body.
Interoceptors
Detect stimuli that within the body.
Proprioceptors
Monitor our movements by responding to internal stimuli from skeletal muscle, joints, tendons, and ligaments.
Cranial Nerves
Originate in the brain and serve the head, neck and abdomen.
Spinal Nerves
Originate in the spine and serve all areas of the body except the head and some areas of the neck.
Nerve Plexus
Networks of nerves (occurring in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regions) that primarily serve the limbs.
Dermatome
Branches of a single nerve that innervate a segment of skin.
Somatic Nervous System
Innervates skeletal muscles and is under voluntary control.
Autonomic Nervous System
Innervates cardiac and smooth muscles and glands and is under involuntary control.
Sympathetic Division
“fight or flight” division of the ANS.
Parasympathetic Division
“rest and digest” division of the ANS.
