aspirin Onset: 5-30 min Peak: 1-3 hr Duration: 3-6 hr 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1) 2. Indications (2) 3. Contraindications (2) 4. Antidote (4) 5. Mechanism of action (1) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (3,3) 7. Assessment and safety (3)

Trade Names: ASA, acetylsalicylic acid Ther. Class.: antipyretic, nonopioid analgesic Pharm. Class.: salicylate Indications: - Inflammatory disorders (RA, OA) - Fever Contraindications: - Bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia - Hypersensitivity Mechanism of Action: -Inhibits production of prostaglandins Therapeutic Effect: - Reduces inflammation - Reduces fever Route: PO, rectal Most Common Side Effects: GI: dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea Life-threatening Adverse Reactions: GI: GI BLEEDING Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS, LARYNGEAL EDEMA Antidote/Emergency Treatment: - Activated charcoal - Stomach pump may be considered if overdose taken within 1 hour of treatment - IV D5W (to increase urine output) - Sodium bicarbonate (to increase urine pH, thereby increasing ASA elimination in urine) Safety/Monitoring: - Those with asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction - Those allergic to tartrazine are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction - Monitor for signs of toxicity (tinnitus, headache, altered mental state, hyperventilation, diaphoresis) Interactions: - Increased risk of bleeding with heparin-like agents and thrombolytic agents - Increased risk of GI irritation with use of other NSAIDs - Ibuprofen may negate cardioprotective antiplatelet effect of low-dose ASA - May reduce effect of diuretics and ACE inhibitors Metabolism and Excretion: - Metabolized by liver - Excreted mainly through kidneys (depends on urine pH) Evaluation/Desired Outcomes: -Increased joint movement (may take 2-3 weeks for max effect) Patient Education: - Caution patient to avoid alcohol with this medication to lower risk of GI bleed (no more than 3 glasses/day) - Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of acetaminophen or other NSAIDs unless instructed by provider

naproxen Taken for anti-inflammatory effect... Onset: 2 weeks Peak: 2-4 weeks Duration: ? 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (3,0) 2. Indications (2) 3. Contraindications (5) 4. Antidote/Emergency Treatment (2) 5. Mechanism of action (1) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (6,4) 7. Assessment and safety (3)

Trade Names: Aleve, Naprosyn Ther. Class.: NSAID, antipyretic, nonopioid analgesic Pharm. Class.: none Indications: - Inflammatory disorders (RA, OA) - Fever Contraindications: - Hypersensitivity and cross sensitivity to other NSAIDs - Active GI bleed - Ulcer disease - Periop pain control surround CABG - Nursing mothers Mechanism of Action: -Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Therapeutic Effect: - Suppress inflammation - Reduce fever Route: PO Most Common Side Effects: CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, headache GI: constipation, dyspepsia, nausea Life-threatening Adverse Reactions: CV: HF, MI, CVA GI: DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS, GI BLEED Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME Antidote/Emergency Treatment: - Follow protocol for NSAID overdose - Activated charcoal - Due to high protein binding, hemodialysis is not effective; alkalization of urine may be effective if done within 4 hours of overdose Safety/Monitoring: - Those with asthma, aspirin allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction - Assess for rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria - Assess ROM 1-2 hours after administration Interactions: - Concurrent use with aspirin may decrease effectiveness - Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs - Adverse GI side effects with aspirin, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or alcohol - May decrease effectiveness of antihypertensives and diuretics - May increase risk of hypoglycemia with insulin Metabolism and Excretion: -Mostly metabolized by liver Evaluation/Desired Outcomes: - Improved joint mobility in 2-4 weeks - Reduction of fever Patient Education: - Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, acetaminophen or other OTC meds without consulting a health care professional - Higher doses won't increase therapeutic effect, but may increase side effects - For rapid effect, take 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meal; to decrease GI side effects, take with meal

Module 7 Pharmacology - Anti-inflammatory/Anti-infective/Antibiotics Flashcards by Evan Deam

aspirin

Onset: 5-30 min
Peak: 1-3 hr
Duration: 3-6 hr

Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1)
Indications (2)
Contraindications (2)
Antidote (4)
Mechanism of action (1)
Common and life-threatening side effects (3,3)
Assessment and safety (3)

Trade Names: ASA, acetylsalicylic acid
Ther. Class.: antipyretic, nonopioid analgesic
Pharm. Class.: salicylate

Indications:

Inflammatory disorders (RA, OA)
Fever

Contraindications:

Bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity

Mechanism of Action:
-Inhibits production of prostaglandins

Therapeutic Effect:

Reduces inflammation
Reduces fever

Route: PO, rectal

Most Common Side Effects:
GI: dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
GI: GI BLEEDING
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS, LARYNGEAL EDEMA

Antidote/Emergency Treatment:

Activated charcoal
Stomach pump may be considered if overdose taken within 1 hour of treatment
IV D5W (to increase urine output)
Sodium bicarbonate (to increase urine pH, thereby increasing ASA elimination in urine)

Safety/Monitoring:

Those with asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction
Those allergic to tartrazine are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction
Monitor for signs of toxicity (tinnitus, headache, altered mental state, hyperventilation, diaphoresis)

Interactions:

Increased risk of bleeding with heparin-like agents and thrombolytic agents
Increased risk of GI irritation with use of other NSAIDs
Ibuprofen may negate cardioprotective antiplatelet effect of low-dose ASA
May reduce effect of diuretics and ACE inhibitors

Metabolism and Excretion:

Metabolized by liver
Excreted mainly through kidneys (depends on urine pH)

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Increased joint movement (may take 2-3 weeks for max effect)

Patient Education:

Caution patient to avoid alcohol with this medication to lower risk of GI bleed (no more than 3 glasses/day)
Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of acetaminophen or other NSAIDs unless instructed by provider

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naproxen

Taken for anti-inflammatory effect…
Onset: 2 weeks
Peak: 2-4 weeks
Duration: ?

Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (3,0)
Indications (2)
Contraindications (5)
Antidote/Emergency Treatment (2)
Mechanism of action (1)
Common and life-threatening side effects (6,4)
Assessment and safety (3)

Trade Names: Aleve, Naprosyn
Ther. Class.: NSAID, antipyretic, nonopioid analgesic
Pharm. Class.: none

Indications:

Inflammatory disorders (RA, OA)
Fever

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity and cross sensitivity to other NSAIDs
Active GI bleed
Ulcer disease
Periop pain control surround CABG
Nursing mothers

Mechanism of Action:
-Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:

Suppress inflammation
Reduce fever

Route: PO

Most Common Side Effects:
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, headache
GI: constipation, dyspepsia, nausea

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
CV: HF, MI, CVA
GI: DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS, GI BLEED
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME

Antidote/Emergency Treatment:

Follow protocol for NSAID overdose
Activated charcoal
Due to high protein binding, hemodialysis is not effective; alkalization of urine may be effective if done within 4 hours of overdose

Safety/Monitoring:

Those with asthma, aspirin allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for hypersensitivity reaction
Assess for rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria
Assess ROM 1-2 hours after administration

Interactions:

Concurrent use with aspirin may decrease effectiveness
Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs
Adverse GI side effects with aspirin, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or alcohol
May decrease effectiveness of antihypertensives and diuretics
May increase risk of hypoglycemia with insulin

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Mostly metabolized by liver

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Improved joint mobility in 2-4 weeks
Reduction of fever

Patient Education:

Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, acetaminophen or other OTC meds without consulting a health care professional
Higher doses won’t increase therapeutic effect, but may increase side effects
For rapid effect, take 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meal; to decrease GI side effects, take with meal

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ibuprofen

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ketoralac

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hydrocortisone

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methylprednisolone

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prednisone

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triamcinolone

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alcohol

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povidone-iodine

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chlorhexidine

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hydrogen peroxide

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ampicillin

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dicloxacillin

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cephalexin

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cefuroxime

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ceftriaxone

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cefepime

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ceftaroline

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tetracycline

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doxycycline

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erythromycin

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azithromycin

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gentamicin

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sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

Trade Names: Ther. Class.: Pharm. Class.: Indications: Contraindications: Mechanism of Action: Therapeutic Effect: Route: Most Common Side Effects: Life-threatening Adverse Reactions: Antidote: Safety/Monitoring: Interactions: Metabolism and Excretion: Evaluation/Desired Outcomes: Patient Education:

silver sulfadiazine Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

ciprofloxacin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

levofloxacin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

vancomycin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

metronidazole Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

bacitracin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

rifampin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

linezolid Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

telithromycin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

daptomycin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

imipenem-cilastatin sodium Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

piperacillin with tazobactam Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

quinupristin with dalfopristin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

ampicillin sodium with sulbactam sodium Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

ticarcillin disodium with clavulanate potassium Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

amphotericin B Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

fluconazole Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

itraconazole Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

voriconazole Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

silver (e.g. silver dressings) Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

collagenase Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)

becaplermin Onset Peak Duration 1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#) 2. Indications (#) 3. Contraindications (#) 4. Antidote (#) 5. Mechanism of action (#) 6. Common and life-threatening side effects (#) 7. Assessment and safety (#)