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NURS 142 > Module 10 Pharmacology - Diabetes Management > Flashcards

Module 10 Pharmacology - Diabetes Management Flashcards

1
Q

insulin aspart (rapid acting)

Onset: <15 min
Peak: 1-2 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (2)
  4. Mechanism of action (4)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0,2)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: NovoLog
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic, hormone
Pharm. Class.: pancreatic

Indications:
-Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contraindications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity to drug

Mechanism of Action:

  • Stimulates glucose uptake
  • Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis
  • Enhances protein synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:
-Controls hyperglycemia in diabetic patients

Route: SQ

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Endo: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Check blood glucose before administering
  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood glucose levels without hyper or hypoglycemia

Patient Education:

  • Emphasize importance of compliance with nutritional and exercise regimens
  • Emphasize importance of carrying source of quick glucose (candy, gel, etc.)
  • Instruct patient on signs of hyper and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur
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2
Q

insulin lispro (rapid acting)

Onset: <15 min
Peak: 1-2 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (2)
  4. Mechanism of action (4)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0,2)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: Humalog
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic, hormone
Pharm. Class.: pancreatic

Indications:
-Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contraindications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity to drug

Mechanism of Action:

  • Stimulates glucose uptake
  • Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis
  • Enhances protein synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:
-Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients

Route: SQ

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Endo: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Check blood glucose before administering
  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood glucose without hyper or hypoglycemia

Patient Education:

  • Emphasize importance of compliance with nutritional and exercise regimens
  • Emphasize importance of carrying source of quick glucose (candy, gel, etc.)
  • Instruct patient on signs of hyper and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur
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3
Q 
insulin glulisine (rapid acting)
(glu-LI-seen)

Onset: <15 min
Peak: 1-2 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (2)
  4. Mechanism of action (4)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0,2)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: Apidra
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic, hormone
Pharm. Class.: pancreatic

Indications:
-Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contraindications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity to drug

Mechanism of Action:

  • Stimulates glucose uptake
  • Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis
  • Enhances protein synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:
-Controls hyperglycemia in diabetic patients

Route: SQ

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Endo: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Check blood glucose before administering
  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood glucose levels without hyper or hypoglycemia

Patient Education:

  • Emphasize importance of compliance with nutritional and exercise regimens
  • Emphasize importance of carrying source of quick glucose (candy, gel, etc.)
  • Instruct patient on signs of hyper and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur
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4
Q

insulin, human inhalation (rapid acting)

Onset: <30 min
Peak: 30-60 min
Duration: 2.5 hr

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (1,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (4)
  4. Mechanism of action (4)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (1,3)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: Afrezza
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic
Pharm. Class.: hormone

Indications:
-Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contraindications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity to drug
  • Smokers, or those who recently quit
  • Asthma, COPD, or lung cancer patients

Mechanism of Action:

  • Stimulates glucose uptake
  • Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis
  • Enhances protein synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:
-Controls hyperglycemia in diabetic patients

Route: Inhalation

Most Common Side Effects:
Resp: cough

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Resp: BRONCHOSPASM
Endo: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Check blood glucose before administering
  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood glucose levels without hyper or hypoglycemia

Patient Education:

  • Emphasize importance of compliance with nutritional and exercise regimens
  • Emphasize importance of carrying source of quick glucose (candy, gel, etc.)
  • Instruct patient on signs of hyper and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur
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5
Q

insulin, regular (slow acting, short duration)

SQ onset: 30-60 min
SQ peak: 2-4 hr
SQ duration: 5-7 hr

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (2)
  4. Mechanism of action (4)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0,2)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: HumuLIN R, NovoLIN R
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic, hormone
Pharm. Class.: pancreatic

Indications:
-Control of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2

Contraindications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity to a particular type of insulin, preservatives, or other additives

Mechanism of Action:

  • Stimulates glucose uptake
  • Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis
  • Enhances protein synthesis

Therapeutic Effect:
-Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients

Route: SQ, IV

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Endo: HYPOGLYCEMIA
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Check blood glucose before administering
  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood glucose levels without hyper or hypoglycemia

Patient Education:

  • Emphasize importance of compliance with nutritional and exercise regimens
  • Emphasize importance of carrying source of quick glucose (candy, gel, etc.)
  • Instruct patient on signs of hyper and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur
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6
Q

NPH insulin (neutral protamine hagedorn)

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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7
Q

insulin detemir

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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8
Q

insulin glargine

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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9
Q

insulin degludec

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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10
Q

metformin

PO onset: ?
PO peak: ?
PO duration: 12 hrs

XR onset: ?
XR peak: 4-8 hrs
XR duration: 24 hrs

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (1,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (5)
  4. Mechanism of action (3)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (4,1)
  6. Assessment and safety (1)
A

Trade Names: Glucophage
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic
Pharm. Class.: biguanide

Indications:
-Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Contraindications:

  • Metabolic acidosis
  • HF
  • Renal dysfunction
  • Dehydration
  • Hypersensitivity

Mechanism of Action:

  • Decrease hepatic glucose production
  • Decrease intestinal glucose absorption
  • Increase sensitivity to insulin

Therapeutic Effect:
-Maintenance of blood glucose

Route: PO, XR

Most Common Side Effects:
GI: bloating, N/V/D

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
F and E: LACTIC ACIDOSIS

Safety/Monitoring:
-If patient with well controlled diabetes becomes ill, assess for DKA or metabolic acidosis; stop metformin and treat acidosis if present

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Eliminated almost entirely unchanged by kidneys

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Full effect of therapy may take 2 weeks to occur

Patient Education:
-Explain risk of lactic acidosis and potential need to discontinue therapy (symptoms include: chills, diarrhea, dizziness, low BP, muscle pain, sleepiness, weakness, slow HR or dyspnea)

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11
Q

glimepiride

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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12
Q

glyburide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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13
Q

glipizide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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14
Q

rosiglitazone

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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15
Q

pioglitazone

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

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16
Q

acarbose

Onset: ?
Peak: 1 hr
Duration: ?

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (2)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (3)
  4. Mechanism of action (2)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (3,0)
  6. Assessment and safety (1)
A

Trade Names: Precose
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic
Pharm. Class.: alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Indications:
-Management of type 2 diabetes in conjunction with diet (may be used with insulin or other hypoglycemic agents)

Contraindications:

  • DKA
  • Cirrhosis
  • Serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL

Mechanism of Action:

  • Lowers blood glucose by inhibiting enzyme in the GI tract
  • Delays and reduces absorption of glucose

Therapeutic Effect:
-Lower blood glucose in diabetic patients, especially after meals

Route: PO

Most Common Side Effects:
GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
-None listed

Safety/Monitoring:
-Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:
-Excreted by kidneys

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Control of blood sugar without hypo/hyperglycemic episodes

Patient Education:

  • Instruct patina to take drug at same time each day, with the first bite of each meal
  • If dose is skipped, do not double dose next meal
  • Standard diabetes education
17
Q

miglitol

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

18
Q

repaglinide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

19
Q

nateglinide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

20
Q

sitagliptin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

21
Q

saxagliptin

Onset: ?
Peak: 2 hrs
Duration: 24 hrs

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (1,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (3)
  4. Mechanism of action (1)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0,4)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: Onglyza
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic
Pharm. Class.: DDP-4 inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase)

Indications:
-Improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Contraindications:

  • Type 1 diabetes
  • DKA
  • Hypersensitivity

Mechanism of Action:
-Slows inactivation of incretin hormones, thereby increasing its concentration, resulting in reduced fasting and postprandial glucose

Therapeutic Effect:
-Improved control of blood sugar

Route: PO

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
GI: PANCREATITIS
Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS, ANGIOEDEMA, EXFOLIATIVE SKIN DISORDERS

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (N/V, anorexia, severe abdominal pain)
  • Monitor for hypoglycemic reactions

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

  • Metabolized by liver
  • 60% excreted by kidneys
  • 22% excreted by feces/bile

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Improved Hgb A1C, fasting plasma glucose, and 2 hr postprandial glucose

Patient Education:
-Advise patient to notify health care professional if swelling of hands, feet, ankles; hives; or swelling of the face and throat occurs

22
Q

linagliptin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

23
Q

glyburide and metformin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

24
Q

sitagliptin and metformin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

25
Q

exenatide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

26
Q

liraglutide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

27
Q

dulaglutide

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

28
Q

pramlintide acetate

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

29
Q

canagliflozin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

30
Q

dapagliflozin

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

31
Q

colesevelam

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

32
Q

bromocriptine

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (1,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (4)
  4. Mechanism of action (2)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (4, 2)
  6. Assessment and safety (2)
A

Trade Names: Cycloset
Ther. Class.: antidiabetic
Pharm. Class.: dopamine agonist

Indications:
-Type 2 diabetes (adjunct to diet and exercise)

Contraindications:

  • Type 1 diabetes
  • DKA
  • Concurrent use of dopamine antagonists
  • Hypersensitivity

Mechanism of Action:

  • Activates dopamine receptors in CNS
  • Decreases prolactin secretion

Therapeutic Effect:
-Lowers blood sugar

Route: PO

Most Common Side Effects:
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness
CV: orthostatic hypotension
GI: nausea

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
Resp: PULMONARY FIBROSIS
CV: MI

Safety/Monitoring:

  • Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions
  • Take with food within 2 hrs of waking in the morning

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

  • Completely metabolized by liver
  • Excreted primarily in bile

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Decreased blood sugar

Patient Education:

  • Instruct patient to notify health care professional immediately if SOB or CP develops
  • Educate patient on importance of diet and exercise regimen, and to always have a source of sugar handy
33
Q

glucagon

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

34
Q

50% dextrose intravenous solution

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (#)
  2. Indications (#)
  3. Contraindications (#)
  4. Mechanism of action (#)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (#)
  6. Assessment and safety (#)
A

Trade Names:
Ther. Class.:
Pharm. Class.:

Indications:
-Treatment of hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemia or insulin shock)

Contraindications:

Mechanism of Action:

Therapeutic Effect:

Route:

Most Common Side Effects:

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:

Safety/Monitoring:

  • When hypertonic solution is discontinued, taper solution and administer D5W or D10W to prevent rebound hypoglycemia
  • Patients requiring prolonged infusions of dextrose should have electrolytes added to the dextrose solution to prevent water intoxication and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:

Patient Education:

35
Q

dextrose gel

Onset: rapid
Peak: rapid
Duration: brief

  1. Therapeutic and pharmacologic class (1,1)
  2. Indications (1)
  3. Contraindications (1)
  4. Mechanism of action (1)
  5. Common and life-threatening side effects (0)
  6. Assessment and safety (1)
A

Trade Names: Glutose, Insulin Reaction
Ther. Class.: caloric source
Pharm. Class.: carbohydrate

Indications:
-Corrects hypoglycemia in conscious patients

Contraindications:
-Allergy to corn or corn products

Mechanism of Action:
-Provides calories

Therapeutic Effect:
-Prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia

Route: PO, IV

Most Common Side Effects:
-None listed

Life-threatening Adverse Reactions:
-None listed

Safety/Monitoring:
-Dose should be repeated if symptoms persist and serum glucose has not increased by at least 20 mg/dL within 20 min

Interactions:

Metabolism and Excretion:

  • Metabolized to carbon dioxide and water
  • When renal threshold is exceeded, dextrose is excreted unchanged by the kidneys

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes:
-Correction and maintenance of adequate hydration status and normal serum glucose levels

Patient Education:
-Advise patient on when and how to administer dextrose products for hypoglycemia

NURS 142 (4 decks)

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