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A&P 1 > Module 7: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Module 7: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

simple cells

A

cells are all on the same level

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2
Q

stratified cells

A

more than one layer of cells

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3
Q

pseudostratified cells

A

more than one layer but they are all anchored to the basement

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4
Q

squamous cells

A

flat, egg shaped

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5
Q

cuboidal cells

A

cube shaped

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6
Q

columnar cells

A

tall, cube shaped

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7
Q

simple squamous cells appearance

A

single layer of thin, scaly cells

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8
Q

function of simple squamous cells

A

transportation of substances from cell to cell

easy passageway through cell wall

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9
Q

location of simple squamous cells

A

lungs (alveoli)
walls of capillaries
covering body organs/lining body cavities

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10
Q

simple cuboidal cells appearance

A

one layer of cube/round shaped cells

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11
Q

function of simple cuboidal cells

A

secretion/absorption
easy passageway for particles
help move mucous along

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12
Q

location of simple cuboidal cells

A

glands
lining of kidney tubules
lining bronchioles of lungs

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13
Q

simple columnar appearance

A

single layer of tall, narrow cells

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14
Q

function of single columnar

A

secretion/absorption

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15
Q

location of simple columnar

A 
digestive tract (small intestine/long intestine/stomach)
utereus/uterine tubes
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16
Q

pseudostratified columnar appearance

A

looks stratified but isn’t

every cell touches the basement

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17
Q

pseudostratified columnar function

A

secretion/absorption

locomotion

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18
Q

pseudostratified columnar location

A

respiratory tract

male reproductive tract

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19
Q

stratified squamous

A

most widespsread throughout the body

covers entire body surface

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20
Q

stratified squamous function

A

protection

resisting abrasion and water loss inside the body

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21
Q

keratinized epithelial tissue

A

type of stratified squamous tissue that includes epidermis

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22
Q

keratinized stratified squamous location

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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23
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous

A

does not have dead layer of compact cells on the surface or water-repellent glycolipid

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24
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous

A

resists abrasion

moist tissue

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25
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous location

A

tongue
lining cheek
esophagus
anal canal/vagina

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26
Q

stratified cuboidal tissue

A

several layers of cuboidal cells

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27
Q

stratified cuboidal function

A

protection and secretion

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28
Q

stratified cuboidal location

A

lining of ovary follicles
lining seminiferous tubules of testes
lining sweat ducts

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29
Q

stratified columnar

A

rarest type of tissue

only found when two epithelial tissues meet

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30
Q

stratified columnar location

A

larynx
anal canal
male urethra

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31
Q

transitional

A

resembles stratified squamous but top layer (surface) are round instead of flat

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32
Q

transitional location

A

bladder

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33
Q

fibroblasts

A

most common fibrous connective tissue cell
large, flat, branching
produce fibers and substance that produces matrix

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34
Q

macrophage

A 
large cells (pacman)
eats dead tissue and foreign invaders
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35
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cells
fight infection in body
6 types

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36
Q

neutrophil

A

most common type of white blood cell

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37
Q

lymphocytes

A

another type of white blood cells

fight bacteria and toxins

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38
Q

plasma cells

A

rare
former lymphocytes that detect foreign matter and differentiate into plasma cells
produce antibodies

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39
Q

mast cells function

A

produce heparin and histamine

40
Q

mast cells location

A

found near blood vessels

41
Q

heparin

A

blood thinner

inhibits blood clotting

42
Q

histamine

A

increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels

43
Q

adipocyte

A

fat cells
appear in small clusters
large, empty looking filled with triglycerides
contain a nucleus

44
Q

collagenous fiber

A

made up of collagen
most abundant protein
wavy, dense bundles
white fibers

45
Q

collagenous fiber location

A

found in tendons, ligaments, and dermis

46
Q

reticular fiber

A

thin collagen fiber coated with glycoproteins

47
Q

reticular fiber function

A

strength, support, and form to soft organs

48
Q

elastic fibers

A

made of elastin
thinnest of the fibers
appear yellow, coiled structure (elasticity)

49
Q

elastic fiber function

A

ability to stretch and recoil after tension is removed

50
Q

elastic fiber location

A

lungs and arteries

51
Q

loose connective tissue

A

large amt of ground substance, smaller amount of cells

52
Q

areolar tissue

A

subtype of loose connective tissue
most abundant type
made up of loosely organized fibers
highly vascular

53
Q

areolar tissue location

A

everywhere in the body

abundant in blood vessels

54
Q

areolar tissue function

A

help attach skin to underlying organs

55
Q

reticular tissue

A

contain fibroblasts and white blood cells

56
Q

reticular tissue function

A

helps to form stroma in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

bind together cells of smooth muscle

57
Q

adipose tissue

A

small clusters of areolar tissue ; fat

58
Q

adipose tissue location

A

almost everywhere EXCEPT brain, lungs, eyelids, and penis

59
Q

adipose tissue function

A

provides body with energy
insulates/keeps body warm
supports/protects organs
fill empty spaces and provide shape to the body

60
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

densely packed protein fibers running parallel
poor blood supply, low healing time
contain fibroblasts, small matrix

61
Q

dense regular connective tisssue function

A

provide strength but only in one direction

62
Q

dense regular connective tissue location

A

tendons/ligaments

63
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

large bundle of fibers arranged randomly to withstand unpredictable stressors

64
Q

dense irregular connective tissue location

A

dermis

protective coverings around spleen, testes, and kidneys

65
Q

cartilage

A 
supportive connective tissue with a rubbery matrix
semi-solid, flexible
collagen & elastic fibers
chondroblasts/chondrocytes
avascular
66
Q

chondroblasts

A

help secrete gel-like matrix

67
Q

chondrocytes

A

mature cartilage cells trapped in lacuna

68
Q

avascular

A

indirect blood supply

slow healing time

69
Q

perichondrium

A

surrounds most cartlage

dense irregular connective tissue

70
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

most abundant type
found in fetal skeleton
clear/glassy
chondrocytes

71
Q

hyaline cartilage location

A

nose
trachea
larynx
bronchi

72
Q

hyaline cartilage function

A

flexibility & support

ex. hold airway open for breathing & moving vocal cords

73
Q

elastic cartilage

A

conspicuous elastic fibers
widely scattered cells
surrounded by a layer of perichondrium
web-like appearance

74
Q

elastic cartilage function

A

strength. support and flexibility

75
Q

elastic cartilage location

A

outer ear
nose
auditory tube
epiglottis

76
Q

fibrocartilage

A

course, visible bundles of collagen fiber

chondrocytes present

77
Q

fibrocartilage function

A

great strength & rigid structure

78
Q

fibrocartilage location

A

between bones of back/vertebrae
anterior of pubis (pubic symphysis)
knee joint

79
Q

bone (compact bone)

A

solid ground substance
very few fibers
cylinder arrangement (osteons)

80
Q

compact bone location

A

long bones of body

covers spongy bone

81
Q

lamellae

A

concentric layers that bone matrix is deposited in

82
Q

lacunae

A

between lamellae

83
Q

osteocytes

A

inside lacuna

84
Q

canaliculi

A

small channel that connect lacuna, which connect osteocytes to provide communication

85
Q

blood

A

liquid matrix (plasma), no fibers
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cells (leukocytes)
platelets (thrombocytes)

86
Q

blood function

A

transportation

87
Q

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

A

thin pink disks
most abundant cell in blood
oxygen-carrying

88
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

immune-defense
larger than red blood cells
nuclei

89
Q

platelets (thrombocytes)

A

initiate clotting blood

90
Q

layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

91
Q

merkel’s cells

A

mechanoreceptors that detect mechanical sensory info by light touch/vibration

92
Q

meissener’s corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors that detect mechanical sensory info by light touch/vibration

93
Q

nocireceptors

A

detect pain

94
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

detect sensory info of pressure applied to the skin

95
Q

thermoreceptors

A

detect hot/cold

96
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

contracts when body is cold or experiences emotional responses
connected to each hair follicle

97
Q

hair bulb

A

contains blood/nervous supply

A&P 1 (2 decks)

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