Module 7: Integumentary System Flashcards
simple cells
cells are all on the same level
stratified cells
more than one layer of cells
pseudostratified cells
more than one layer but they are all anchored to the basement
squamous cells
flat, egg shaped
cuboidal cells
cube shaped
columnar cells
tall, cube shaped
simple squamous cells appearance
single layer of thin, scaly cells
function of simple squamous cells
transportation of substances from cell to cell
easy passageway through cell wall
location of simple squamous cells
lungs (alveoli)
walls of capillaries
covering body organs/lining body cavities
simple cuboidal cells appearance
one layer of cube/round shaped cells
function of simple cuboidal cells
secretion/absorption
easy passageway for particles
help move mucous along
location of simple cuboidal cells
glands
lining of kidney tubules
lining bronchioles of lungs
simple columnar appearance
single layer of tall, narrow cells
function of single columnar
secretion/absorption
location of simple columnar
digestive tract (small intestine/long intestine/stomach) utereus/uterine tubes
pseudostratified columnar appearance
looks stratified but isn’t
every cell touches the basement
pseudostratified columnar function
secretion/absorption
locomotion
pseudostratified columnar location
respiratory tract
male reproductive tract
stratified squamous
most widespsread throughout the body
covers entire body surface
stratified squamous function
protection
resisting abrasion and water loss inside the body
keratinized epithelial tissue
type of stratified squamous tissue that includes epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous location
palms of hands and soles of feet
non-keratinized stratified squamous
does not have dead layer of compact cells on the surface or water-repellent glycolipid
non-keratinized stratified squamous
resists abrasion
moist tissue
non-keratinized stratified squamous location
tongue
lining cheek
esophagus
anal canal/vagina
stratified cuboidal tissue
several layers of cuboidal cells
stratified cuboidal function
protection and secretion
stratified cuboidal location
lining of ovary follicles
lining seminiferous tubules of testes
lining sweat ducts
stratified columnar
rarest type of tissue
only found when two epithelial tissues meet
stratified columnar location
larynx
anal canal
male urethra
transitional
resembles stratified squamous but top layer (surface) are round instead of flat
transitional location
bladder
fibroblasts
most common fibrous connective tissue cell
large, flat, branching
produce fibers and substance that produces matrix
macrophage
large cells (pacman) eats dead tissue and foreign invaders
leukocyte
white blood cells
fight infection in body
6 types
neutrophil
most common type of white blood cell
lymphocytes
another type of white blood cells
fight bacteria and toxins
plasma cells
rare
former lymphocytes that detect foreign matter and differentiate into plasma cells
produce antibodies
mast cells function
produce heparin and histamine
mast cells location
found near blood vessels
heparin
blood thinner
inhibits blood clotting
histamine
increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels
adipocyte
fat cells
appear in small clusters
large, empty looking filled with triglycerides
contain a nucleus
collagenous fiber
made up of collagen
most abundant protein
wavy, dense bundles
white fibers
collagenous fiber location
found in tendons, ligaments, and dermis
reticular fiber
thin collagen fiber coated with glycoproteins
reticular fiber function
strength, support, and form to soft organs
elastic fibers
made of elastin
thinnest of the fibers
appear yellow, coiled structure (elasticity)
elastic fiber function
ability to stretch and recoil after tension is removed
elastic fiber location
lungs and arteries
loose connective tissue
large amt of ground substance, smaller amount of cells
areolar tissue
subtype of loose connective tissue
most abundant type
made up of loosely organized fibers
highly vascular
areolar tissue location
everywhere in the body
abundant in blood vessels
areolar tissue function
help attach skin to underlying organs
reticular tissue
contain fibroblasts and white blood cells
reticular tissue function
helps to form stroma in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow
bind together cells of smooth muscle
adipose tissue
small clusters of areolar tissue ; fat
adipose tissue location
almost everywhere EXCEPT brain, lungs, eyelids, and penis
adipose tissue function
provides body with energy
insulates/keeps body warm
supports/protects organs
fill empty spaces and provide shape to the body
dense regular connective tissue
densely packed protein fibers running parallel
poor blood supply, low healing time
contain fibroblasts, small matrix
dense regular connective tisssue function
provide strength but only in one direction
dense regular connective tissue location
tendons/ligaments
dense irregular connective tissue
large bundle of fibers arranged randomly to withstand unpredictable stressors
dense irregular connective tissue location
dermis
protective coverings around spleen, testes, and kidneys
cartilage
supportive connective tissue with a rubbery matrix semi-solid, flexible collagen & elastic fibers chondroblasts/chondrocytes avascular
chondroblasts
help secrete gel-like matrix
chondrocytes
mature cartilage cells trapped in lacuna
avascular
indirect blood supply
slow healing time
perichondrium
surrounds most cartlage
dense irregular connective tissue
hyaline cartilage
most abundant type
found in fetal skeleton
clear/glassy
chondrocytes
hyaline cartilage location
nose
trachea
larynx
bronchi
hyaline cartilage function
flexibility & support
ex. hold airway open for breathing & moving vocal cords
elastic cartilage
conspicuous elastic fibers
widely scattered cells
surrounded by a layer of perichondrium
web-like appearance
elastic cartilage function
strength. support and flexibility
elastic cartilage location
outer ear
nose
auditory tube
epiglottis
fibrocartilage
course, visible bundles of collagen fiber
chondrocytes present
fibrocartilage function
great strength & rigid structure
fibrocartilage location
between bones of back/vertebrae
anterior of pubis (pubic symphysis)
knee joint
bone (compact bone)
solid ground substance
very few fibers
cylinder arrangement (osteons)
compact bone location
long bones of body
covers spongy bone
lamellae
concentric layers that bone matrix is deposited in
lacunae
between lamellae
osteocytes
inside lacuna
canaliculi
small channel that connect lacuna, which connect osteocytes to provide communication
blood
liquid matrix (plasma), no fibers
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cells (leukocytes)
platelets (thrombocytes)
blood function
transportation
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
thin pink disks
most abundant cell in blood
oxygen-carrying
white blood cells (leukocytes)
immune-defense
larger than red blood cells
nuclei
platelets (thrombocytes)
initiate clotting blood
layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
merkel’s cells
mechanoreceptors that detect mechanical sensory info by light touch/vibration
meissener’s corpuscles
mechanoreceptors that detect mechanical sensory info by light touch/vibration
nocireceptors
detect pain
pacinian corpuscles
detect sensory info of pressure applied to the skin
thermoreceptors
detect hot/cold
arrector pili muscle
contracts when body is cold or experiences emotional responses
connected to each hair follicle
hair bulb
contains blood/nervous supply
