Module 7 flashcards
Inotropic
Force of contraction of heart muscle
Chronotropic
Heart rate
dromotropic
Conduction of cardiac electrical impulses
Diltiazem mechanism of action
Prevents calcium from entering the excitation contraction coupling process and prevents muscle contraction and promotes muscle relaxation
increasing blood flow to the heart by causing dilation
Dilates arteries decreasing systemic vascular resistance
Diltiazem adverse effects
Hypotension, palpations, tachycardia/bradycardia
Constipation and nausea
Dyspnea, rash, flushing, peripheral edema
Diltiazem cautions
contraindicated in KDA, acute MI, second/third degree AV block, and hypotension
Nitroglycerin mechanism of action
Dilate all blood vessels
Arterial vasodilator effect= relax smooth muscle cells
Dilate large and small coronary arteries, redistributing blood and oxygen to ischemic tissue
Nitroglycerin Isosorbide adverse effects
Headache
tachycardia, postural hypotension
Nitroglycerin Isosorbide cautions
Contraindications include KDA, severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, hypotension, and sever head injury
Isosorbide mononitrate mechanism of action
produces a steady therapeutic response (same as nitrate)
Isosorbide mononitrate adverse effects
Headache
tachycardia, postural hypotension
Isosorbide mononitrate cautions
Contraindications include KDA, severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, hypotension, and sever head injury
Digoxin purpose
Increase myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect)
Digoxin monitor therapeutic levels
When patient first starts taking the drug. Additional monitoring is necessary if toxicity is suspected (0.5-2)
Digoxin toxicity symptoms
Bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, visual disturbances
Atorvastatin mechanism of action
Decrease rate of cholesterol production
Atorvastatin adverse effects
Abdominal pain, rash, headache, myopathy (phabdomyolysis)
Atorvastatin cautions
Contraindications include
Simvastatin mechanism of action
Lowers total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride lvls
Simvastatin adverse affects
Abdominal pain, rash, headache
Simvastatin cautions
pregnancy cat X
Metoprolol mechansim of action
Block beta1 receptors on the surface of the heart, reducing myocardial stimulation and reduces heart rate, slows conductions, and decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Metoprolol indications
angina, MI, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, and heart failure
Metoprolol contraindications
KDA, uncompensated heart failure, cardiogenic shock, heart block/ bradycardia, pregnancy, sever pulmonary disease, and raynauds disease.
Metoprolol adverse effects
Black box warning for tapering dose withdrawal
AV block, bradycardia, heart failure
Dizziness, fatigue, depression, drowsiness, unusual dreams
NVDC
Delayed hypoglycemia recovery, masked symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia
impotence, alopecia, bronchospasm, wheezing, dry mouth
Metoprolol interactions
antacids, digoxin, diuretics, alcohol, cardiovascular drugs, neuromuscular blocking drugs, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin
Lisinopril mechanism of action
inhibit ACE, therefore inhibiting aldosterone secretion.
prevent sodium and water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretions
Lisinopril indications
hypotension, heart failure, and acute MI
Lisinopril adverse effects
Dry cough, hyperkalemia, decreased renal function
Lisinopril contraindications
pregnancy
Lisinopril patient teaching
