Module 7: Chapter 8 Race and Ethnicity Lecture

Question 1

there is no —– foundation to race, but it is a completely —- constructed category

Answer 1

• biological
• socially

Question 2

scientific racism (2)

Enaged to infuse…+ex/prove

Answer 2

• engaged to infuse these arbitrary categories with scientific legitimacy.
• So out of that comes a lot of scientific research that did like for example measurements of skulls and other body features to find scientific evidence that these racial categorizations are not just socially constructed but that they have biological origins and that people are in fact biologically different. So scientific racism, for example, try to prove that there’s a link between race and intelligence, race and moral character, race and criminality, race and honesty and those kind of characteristics.

Question 3

So skin color tends to be organized along a spectrum from light to dark and is often used as an indicator of race, but

Answer 3

there’s no scientific agreement actually how race could be or should be defined, so which one of these genetic markers are actually relevant here to consider, and there’s also no agreement over how many race categories there are, where the boundaries are.

Question 4

racialization

Answer 4

identifying difference and then infusing those differences with meaning. The people do not just look different, but they are different in terms of their morality, in terms of their intellect, in terms of their value, in terms of their worth to our society.

Question 5

Mark Anderson and Carmen Robertson

Answer 5

their book Seeing Red, Mark Anderson and Carmen Robertson studied how English-Canadian language newspapers portrayed indigenous peoples from 1869 to shortly after Confederation to the present day. And they found that Canadian newspapers portray indigenous peoples in very stereotypical and monolithic ways, so that means that they’re treated as though there is no variation among indigenous peoples. And they do so from a colonial ideology perspective.

Question 6

…… in Canadian society tends to be a master
status

Answer 6

race

Question 7

Stereotypes

Answer 7

typically are exaggerated, overgeneralized descriptions that are,
however, applied to every single person in that group.

Question 8

Prejudice (2)

What it is+ ex

Answer 8

• a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people that includes prejudgments about those people.
• If somebody comes in, hears that I’m German and already dislikes me, even though they haven’t even talked to me, they don’t even know yet whether I’m polite or impolite. But they already make assumptions about me based on group characteristics.

Question 9

Unlike stereotypes that are a matter of —–, prejudice is an issue of — towards people.

Answer 9

• description
• attitude

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

• include acts by which individuals are treated differently through positive or negative sanctions based on their group membership.

Question 11

Prejudice is a matter of —– towards people, discrimination is a matter of —–

Answer 11

• attitude
• action

Question 12

hate crimes also are crimes that target
—– such as vandalism

Answer 12

institutions

Question 13

Non-visible immigrants and visible minorities

Answer 13

• non-visible minority: typically from countries where the majority of the population is white. And so for the longest time, we refer to them as non-visible minorities because you would not be able to tell by just looking at me that I’m not Canadian.
• visible minority: that means that they’re visually different from
  the majority of the dominant culture

Question 14

systematic oppression

Answer 14

goes beyond individual prejudice and personal ideology because this is really about systemic practices, not isolated individual level discriminatory practices. It requires institutional power to create a system of advantage and disadvantage.

Question 15

reverse racism is —– a systemic level, because none of the racialized minorities have enough power to systematically secure their own advantages and to systematically deny these advantages to other groups.

Answer 15

• not really a thing on

Question 16

racism

Answer 16

an organized system of race-based group privileges that operate at every level of society and that is held together by a very sophisticated ideology of race supremacy.