Module 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Dispite differences in social organization and mating behaviro, ape life histories are quite similar, especially in comparison with monkeys
A
- Larger body size
- Larger brain size
- Longer lifespan
- Slower reproductive rates
- Later age of first reproduction
- Longer investment in offspring
2
Q
Orangutan (great apes)
A
- Lifespan ~ 50 + years - Age of first reproduction ~ 15 years - Interbirth Interval ~ 7-10 years - Age of weaning ~ 6 years - Infant mortality ~ 15% Body size ~ Males 190lbs ~ Females 85lbs - Brain size ~ 350g
3
Q
Gorilla (great apes)
A
- Lifespan ~ 40+ years - First Reproduction ~ 10 Years - Interbirth Interval ~ 4 years - Age of weaning ~ 3 Years - Infant mortaldity ~ 25% - Body size ~ Males 350 lbs ~ Females 200 lbs - Brain size ~ 400 g
4
Q
Chimpanzee (close to humans)
A
- Lifespan ~ 50+ years - First Reproduction ~ 14 Years - Interbirth Intervals ~ 5-6 years - AGe of weaning ~ 4 years - Infant mortality ~ 25% - body size ~ males 100 lbs ~ females 80 lbs - Brain size ~ 390 lbs
5
Q
Monkey
A
- Lifespan ~ 25 years - First reprodiction ~ 6 yers - Interbirth Intervals ~ 2 years - Age of weaining ~ 1.5 years - Infant mortality ~50% - Body size ~ Mlaes 55 lbs ~ Femlaes 30 lbs - Brain size ~ 140g
6
Q
Lemur
A
- lifespan ~ 18 years - First reproduction ~ 3 years - Interbirth interval ~ 1.2 years - Age of weaning ~ 6 months - Infant mortality ~ 50-70% - Body size ~ 5-8 lbs - Brain size ~ 24 g
7
Q
Humans
A
- lifespan ~ 70-100 years - First reproduction ~ 18+ years - Interbirth Intervals ~ 1-4 years - age of weaning ~ 0-4 years (not independent until teens) - Infant mortality ~ 1-25% - Body size ~ males 95-190 lbs ~ females 90-160 lbs - Brain size ~ 1500 g
8
Q
Much about human life can be explained simply because we are great aps
A
- to understand the reasons for slow life history in humans we need to look much further back in time (25 million years ago) than the emergence of our species (~300,000-800,000 years ago)
9
Q
Characteristics of an extreme “slow” life history pattern
A
- long lifespan
- later age of maturity
- Low infant mortality
10
Q
Many traits are vastly out of porportion with bosy size
A
- humans live linger the expencted for body size
- brain size is much larger then expected for body size
11
Q
Some traits are faster than expected
A
- Higher birth rates compared to apes
12
Q
Other traits are completely novel
A
- human children are not nutritionally independent at weaning
- multiple dependent offspring
- conscious limitation on reproduction
- females live long past last reproduction (menopause)
13
Q
Lifespan
A
- through modern medicine frequently extends life, humans longevity is Not merely a product of modern living
- But it is commonly reported that life expectancy of people in the third world are only 30 or 40 years
- Thie apparent paradox is due to an important difference between life expectancy and lifespan
14
Q
Life expectancy
A
- the average number of years lived by individulas ina population from a particular age forward (usually birth)
15
Q
Lifespan of longevity
A
- Refers to the years lived under ideal conditons
