Module 7 Flashcards
Info in Chemical equations (4)
what happens? , Proportions , Physical states, and what conditions
States of Chemicals
Solid (s) , Liquid (l) , Aqueous (Aq)
Balancing the equation (definition)
Obeying the law of conservation , all atoms are present on both sides. Change only the coefficient not the subscrits
Balancing equation steps
1) Keep polyatomic together , 2) Change coefficient of solo molecules 3) Balance and retry if needed
Types of chemical reactions (6)
Synthesis , Decomposition , Single replacement , Double replacement , Acid-base reaction, Combustion reaction
Synthesis Reaction
aka combination , simple reactants combing to make something more complex
C +O2 = CO2
Decomposition reaction
Reactions occur when a single reaction breaks down. Breaking apart
H2O -> 2H + O2
Single replacement reaction
Occurs when an element reacts with a compound and displaces one of the element. Swapping spots
Zn (s) + 2 Hal (Aq) –> ZnCl2 (Aq) + H2 (g)
Double replacement reactions
aka emphasis reactions, occurs when ions exchange to make a new compound
2 Kl (Aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (Aq) –> Pbl2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
Acid-Bae reactions
An acid normally has H at the start, base has OH
Forms a salt and water
HCl (Aq) + NaOH (Aq) –> NaCl (Aq) + H2O (l)
Combustion reactions
Is a rapid combustion of oxygen
Hydrocarbon will fuel the reactions to make water and carbon dioxide . Comes in complete or not
C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g)–> 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l)
Driving forces in aqueous solutions
Always spontaneous due to heat energy (enthalpy) and randomness (entropy). In turn each type of reaction have their own unique force. Associated with formation of stable , lower energy products
Driving force : Precipitate
A solid that is formed during double displacement reaction
Driving force : Neutralization
A driving force for acid base reactions that makes the salt and water
Driving force : Oxidation reduction (REDOX)
Synthesis and decomposition uses this , due to the transferring of electrons
Aqueous solutions
A solid compound that rapidly dissolves in water. Symbolized by (Aq)
Ionic Compounds in water
Actions happen in aqueous solutions that dont happen in solid states . Ionic compounds react differently in water
Electrolytes
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity due to mobile hydrate ions
Considered strong if it dissaccoiates entirely
Molecular compounds in water
Most compounds that dissolve wont conduct electricity and thus nonelectrolytes
Dissolves in molecules
Weak acids
All acids are considered weak besides the 7 determined strong
Partilly ionizes water
Weak electrolyte
Bases (Strong / weak)
Strong :
Contains hydroxide (OH) and dissosiate in water
Weak :
Molecular compounds are weak, produches hydroxide ions
