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A&P: Exam 2 > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

Cell Membrane & Trans-Membrane Transport

1
Q

what are the functions of the plasma membrance

A

a physical barrier, selective permeability, communicate, signaling, and electrochemical gradient

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2
Q

what is the function of a physical barrier

A

separating the intra and extra-cellular fluid compartments and activities

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3
Q

what is the function of selective permeability

A

to decide what goes in the cell and when

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4
Q

what is the function of communication

A

to allow cell-to-cell recognition

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5
Q

what is the function of signaling

A

cells respond to or send out signals to modify other cells for maintaining homeostasis

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6
Q

what is the function of electrochemical gradient

A

excitability

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7
Q

what is the ‘model’ name describing plasma membranes

A

the fluid mosaic

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8
Q

what is the term for inside the cell

A

intracellular

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9
Q

what is the term for outside the cell

A

extracellular or interstitial (between cells)

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10
Q

why don’t we call the plasma membrane a cell wall

A

Cell wall is only found in plants where plasma membrane is found in all living organisms including plants

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11
Q

what are the lipid types found in the plasma membranes

A

phospholipids, glycocalyx, cholesterol, and lipid rafts

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12
Q

what is the function of phospholipids

A

structural

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13
Q

what is the function of glycocalyx

A

identify self from self, decorating the outside, how you are recognized

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14
Q

what is the function of cholesterol

A

protects the cell and keeps it fluid when it wants to freeze

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15
Q

what is the function of lipid rafts

A

holds proteins

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16
Q

what are the functions of membrane proteins

A

transport, receptors, structure, and enzymes catalyze cellular responses to various signals

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17
Q

what are transports

A

channels and transporters

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18
Q

what are receptors

A

responding to extracellular chemical signals

19
Q

what are structures

A

stability, intracellular cytoskeleton ‘anchors’ - intercellular connections

20
Q

what are the functions of membrane carbohydrates

A

cell-to-cell recognition and interaction, identification and communication

21
Q

what protein function would permit Na+ ions to enter the cell

A

channel transporter

22
Q

what would respond to a hormone signal

A

receptor

23
Q

what kind of membrane modification increases surface area

A

microvilli

24
Q

what is microvilli

A

extends the surface and increases cell membrane surface area

25
Q

what kind of membrane modification sweeps mucus over the cell surface

A

cilia

26
Q

what is cilia

A

sweeps the materials off the cell surface, keeps it clean

27
Q

what are the three types of cell junction

A

tight junction, desmosomes, gap junctions

28
Q

what is the function of tight junction

A

keeps stuff from slipping between the cells

29
Q

what is the function of desmosomes

A

distributing tension to keep cells from tearing apart

30
Q

what is the function of gap junctions

A

allowing chemicals to flow from cell to cell, communicate

31
Q

what is the difference between semi and selective permeability

A

semi- some things are capable to trans-membrane movement and others aren’t
selective- the ‘permission to access’ is selective to meet the needs of the cell, depend on what the cell needs

32
Q

what kinds or solutes are freely permeable at all times

A

O2, CO2, and H20, lipids that are either non-polar and/or small

33
Q

what kinds of solutes need protein channels

A

simple sugars and amino acids

34
Q

when there is a difference in concentration between the inside and outside of a cell it is called a

A

gradient

35
Q

what are gradients

A

potential energy

36
Q

define the difference between chemical, electrical, and temperature

A

chemical- between molecule types
electrical- between ionic charges
temperature- between heat inside the cell and outside the cell

37
Q

what kind of energy moves solutes during diffusion and facilitated diffusion transport

A

potential energy

38
Q

what kind of energy moves solutes during active transport

A

cellular energy input or ATP

39
Q

how does osmosis differ from diffusion and active transport

A

water is moving to break up solutes, impermeable to solutes
moves from lower to higher solute concentrations
water follows solute

40
Q

what does osmolality measure

A

solute concentration of a solution

41
Q

how does osmolality different from hydrostatic pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillary
osmotic pressure draws fluid back in

42
Q

what happens to cells when it is exposed to Isotonic solutions

A

solute concentration equal on both sides of membrane, concentration on inside and outside is the same

43
Q

what happens to cells when it is exposed to Hypertonic solutions

A

solute concentration less than inside cell, water is going to move into the cells and burst

44
Q

what happens to cells when it is exposed to Hypotonic solutions

A

solute concentration more than inside cell, outside is too much and leaves the cell, shrink

A&P: Exam 2 (2 decks)

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