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anthro 2b > module 7 > Flashcards

module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 7 primate order characteristics?

A

1.) emphasis on color vision/vision
2.) reduced snout
3.) auditory bulla
4.) prehensile hands/feet
5.) larger brain
6.) decreased litter size
7.) postorbital bar/septum

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2
Q

what is a postorbital bar?

A

skeletal structure in the form of a BAR OF BONE behind the eye that does NOT CLOSE off completely

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3
Q

what is a postorbital partition (septum/closure)

A

eye socket is entirely protected by bone

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4
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of binocular & stereoscopic vision?

A
  • 2 eyes facing forward
  • overlapping visual fields
  • depth perception
  • eyes send signals to BOTH hemispheres
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5
Q

what is color vision?

A

abundance of cones in the eyes

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6
Q

which organisms usually have color vision?

A

diurnal & crepuscular organisms

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7
Q

which primates are the exception to having color vision?

A

nocturnal

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8
Q

what is auditory bulla?

A

skeletal chamber that holds the small bones of the middle ear

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9
Q

what is night vision?

A
  • abundance of rods in eyes
  • allows nocturnal animals to see at night
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10
Q

what is k-selection?

A

reproducing strategy where there’s a small amount of offspring but extensive care (primates)

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11
Q

what is r-selection?

A

reproducing strategy where there’s numerous offspring but no parental care

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12
Q

what is the visual predation hypothesis?

A
  • catching small prey using specialized vision & motor skills set primate evolution in motion
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13
Q

What is the geographic distribution of Lemuriformes?

A

Madagascar

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14
Q

what is the geographic distribution of Lorisiformes? (Lost an apple)

A

Africa/Asia

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15
Q

What is the geographic distribution of Tarsiiformes? ( the secret answer)

A

Southeast Asia

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16
Q

What is the geographic distribution of Platyrrhini (new world monkeys)

A

South America

17
Q

What is the geographic distribution of Catarrhini (Old world monkeys)

A

africa/asia

18
Q

what is the geographic distribution of Hylobatidae (Hominoidea)

A

Southeast Asia

19
Q

What is the only species of Hominidae that isn’t found in Africa? Where are they found?

A
  • Orangutan
  • sumatra/borneo
20
Q

Where are Gorilla, Homininae, & Homini found?

A
  • Gorilla & homininae - Africa
  • Hominini - everywhere (humans)
21
Q

What is the dental formula?

A

ICPM
- # incisors: # canines: # premolars: # molars

22
Q

what is the frontal bone?

A

bone that forms part of skull & upper part of eye sockets

23
Q

what is the Mandibular Symphasis?

A

lower jawbone

24
Q

what is the dental comb?

A
  • mandible incisors (lower jaw front teeth) are specialized for grooming & feeding
  • project to the front of the mouth
25
Q

what is rhinarium?

A

external moist membranes in the nose (wet nose)

26
Q

what is toilet claw?

A

claw used for grooming

27
Q

what is prehensile tail?

A

tail that can be used for grabbing objects

28
Q

what are twin births?

A

monozygotic (from one zygote) but not identical

29
Q

what is the canine diastema?

A

gap in tooth row to accommodate the canine tooth so mammal can close its mouth to chew

30
Q

what is the CP3 complex? what is it an example of?

A
  • large canines & goes with diastema
  • example of sexual dimorphism (much larger in males than in females)
31
Q

what is the sectorial premolar?

A

lower diastema premolar is TILTED at an angle so when the animal shuts mouth, the canine rubs against the premolar & SHARPENS

32
Q

what are ischial callosities?

A

thick pieces of skin found on buttocks

33
Q

what is the bilophodont molar pattern?

A

4 cusps on the molar
lower molars have 2 ridges

34
Q

what is estrus & estrus swelling?

A
  • female mammal period of sexual receptivity
  • swelling signals to males that they are ready to mate
35
Q

what is the y-5 molar pattern

A
  • 5 cusps on the molar, no ridges
  • better for mashing & grinding
36
Q

what is sexual dimorphism?

A

average difference in body size bet adult males & females that distinguish between the 2 genders

37
Q

what are the 5 anatomical characteristics of Hominoids? (Bees Sting If Legs Nice)

A
  • brachiators anatomy
  • short legs, long arms
  • IMI > 100
  • larger pilates swing
  • no tail
38
Q

what are the 6 characteristics of Cercopithecoidea? (Questions Never Let Lies In Target)

A
  • quadruped anatomy
  • narrow, deep thorax
  • limited shoulder rotation
  • limited forearm extension & wrist flexibility
  • arms & lengths same length (IMI = 100)
  • tail
39
Q

distinguish between diurnal, nocturnal, & crepuscular

A
  • diurnal: awake during the day
  • nocturnal: awake at night
  • crepuscular: awake during twilight (before sunrise, but not fully dark)

anthro 2b (6 decks)

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