module 7 Flashcards
what are the 7 primate order characteristics?
1.) emphasis on color vision/vision
2.) reduced snout
3.) auditory bulla
4.) prehensile hands/feet
5.) larger brain
6.) decreased litter size
7.) postorbital bar/septum
what is a postorbital bar?
skeletal structure in the form of a BAR OF BONE behind the eye that does NOT CLOSE off completely
what is a postorbital partition (septum/closure)
eye socket is entirely protected by bone
what are the 4 characteristics of binocular & stereoscopic vision?
- 2 eyes facing forward
- overlapping visual fields
- depth perception
- eyes send signals to BOTH hemispheres
what is color vision?
abundance of cones in the eyes
which organisms usually have color vision?
diurnal & crepuscular organisms
which primates are the exception to having color vision?
nocturnal
what is auditory bulla?
skeletal chamber that holds the small bones of the middle ear
what is night vision?
- abundance of rods in eyes
- allows nocturnal animals to see at night
what is k-selection?
reproducing strategy where there’s a small amount of offspring but extensive care (primates)
what is r-selection?
reproducing strategy where there’s numerous offspring but no parental care
what is the visual predation hypothesis?
- catching small prey using specialized vision & motor skills set primate evolution in motion
What is the geographic distribution of Lemuriformes?
Madagascar
what is the geographic distribution of Lorisiformes? (Lost an apple)
Africa/Asia
What is the geographic distribution of Tarsiiformes? ( the secret answer)
Southeast Asia
What is the geographic distribution of Platyrrhini (new world monkeys)
South America
What is the geographic distribution of Catarrhini (Old world monkeys)
africa/asia
what is the geographic distribution of Hylobatidae (Hominoidea)
Southeast Asia
What is the only species of Hominidae that isn’t found in Africa? Where are they found?
- Orangutan
- sumatra/borneo
Where are Gorilla, Homininae, & Homini found?
- Gorilla & homininae - Africa
- Hominini - everywhere (humans)
What is the dental formula?
ICPM
- # incisors: # canines: # premolars: # molars
what is the frontal bone?
bone that forms part of skull & upper part of eye sockets
what is the Mandibular Symphasis?
lower jawbone
what is the dental comb?
- mandible incisors (lower jaw front teeth) are specialized for grooming & feeding
- project to the front of the mouth
what is rhinarium?
external moist membranes in the nose (wet nose)
what is toilet claw?
claw used for grooming
what is prehensile tail?
tail that can be used for grabbing objects
what are twin births?
monozygotic (from one zygote) but not identical
what is the canine diastema?
gap in tooth row to accommodate the canine tooth so mammal can close its mouth to chew
what is the CP3 complex? what is it an example of?
- large canines & goes with diastema
- example of sexual dimorphism (much larger in males than in females)
what is the sectorial premolar?
lower diastema premolar is TILTED at an angle so when the animal shuts mouth, the canine rubs against the premolar & SHARPENS
what are ischial callosities?
thick pieces of skin found on buttocks
what is the bilophodont molar pattern?
4 cusps on the molar
lower molars have 2 ridges
what is estrus & estrus swelling?
- female mammal period of sexual receptivity
- swelling signals to males that they are ready to mate
what is the y-5 molar pattern
- 5 cusps on the molar, no ridges
- better for mashing & grinding
what is sexual dimorphism?
average difference in body size bet adult males & females that distinguish between the 2 genders
what are the 5 anatomical characteristics of Hominoids? (Bees Sting If Legs Nice)
- brachiators anatomy
- short legs, long arms
- IMI > 100
- larger pilates swing
- no tail
what are the 6 characteristics of Cercopithecoidea? (Questions Never Let Lies In Target)
- quadruped anatomy
- narrow, deep thorax
- limited shoulder rotation
- limited forearm extension & wrist flexibility
- arms & lengths same length (IMI = 100)
- tail
distinguish between diurnal, nocturnal, & crepuscular
- diurnal: awake during the day
- nocturnal: awake at night
- crepuscular: awake during twilight (before sunrise, but not fully dark)
