Module 7 Flashcards
Drugs that are synthetically prepared in the laboratory for antimicrobial control
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Made up of chemicals, and intended to kill microorganisms
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Product of microorganism that react with and inhibit the
growth of another microorganism
ANTIBIOTICS
Extracted as metabolic product of microorganism, used as
an agent to kill microorganism
ANTIBIOTICS
Not use to treat viral infection
* Came from bacteria or fungi
ANTIBIOTICS
BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Bacitracin
BACILLUS POLYMYXA
Polymyxin
STREPTOMYCES GRISEUS
Streptomycin
CEPHALOSPORIUM SPP. - Cephalotin
Cephalotin
PENICILLIUM NOTATUM
PENICILLIUM NOTATUM – Penicillin (FIRST ANTIBIOTIC discovered by Alexander Flemming, 1928)
Normal immune response
IMMUNOCOMPETENT
-immune system is impaired or weakened
- Individuals considered as immunocompromised
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
_▪ Babies
▪ Old ages
▪ Patients with neoplasm/cancer
▪ Patients with diabetes
▪ Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
▪ Patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
SITE OF INFECTION
Nalidixic Acid – Given for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Nitrofurantoin – Given for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Specifically, the peptidoglycan layer
- Effective in gram positive
INHIBIT OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Enter to the porins of gram negative
INJURY TO PLASMA MEMBRANE
Block the translation from mRNA to protein
INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYTHESIS
Will attack the replication of nucleic acid during binary
fission (mitosis)
INHIBITION OF NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS
Attack the metabolic activity
ANTIMETABOLITES
Act against either gram positive or gram negative
- Most efficient
NARROW SPECTRUM
- Act against both gram positive and gram negative
- Doctors first use for they don’t know the result, then shifts
to narrow spectrum - Trial & error
BROAD SPECTRUM
- Action of one drug enhances the activity of another or
vice versa - (Effect: 1+1 = 3)
- Some already have 2 components
. SYNERGISTIC
Examples
▪ Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim
▪ Piperacillin / Tazobactam
SYNERGISTIC
- Activity of one drug interferes with the action of another
- Opposite of synergistic
- (Effect: 1+2 = 1)
ANTAGONISTIC
- Effect of two drugs is as strong as effect of a highly
single drug - (Effect: 1+2 = 2)
INDIFFERENT / AUTONOMOUS
- If used separately, reaction is the same
- (Effect: 1+1 = 1
ADDITIVE
