Module 7

Question 1

Drugs that are synthetically prepared in the laboratory for antimicrobial control

Answer 1

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS

Question 2

Made up of chemicals, and intended to kill microorganisms

Answer 2

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS

Question 3

Product of microorganism that react with and inhibit the
growth of another microorganism

Answer 3

ANTIBIOTICS

Question 4

Extracted as metabolic product of microorganism, used as
an agent to kill microorganism

Answer 4

ANTIBIOTICS

Question 5

Not use to treat viral infection
* Came from bacteria or fungi

Answer 5

ANTIBIOTICS

Question 6

BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Answer 6

Bacitracin

Question 7

BACILLUS POLYMYXA

Answer 7

Polymyxin

Question 8

STREPTOMYCES GRISEUS

Answer 8

Streptomycin

Question 9

CEPHALOSPORIUM SPP. - Cephalotin

Answer 9

Cephalotin

Question 10

PENICILLIUM NOTATUM

Answer 10

PENICILLIUM NOTATUM – Penicillin (FIRST ANTIBIOTIC discovered by Alexander Flemming, 1928)

Question 11

Normal immune response

Answer 11

IMMUNOCOMPETENT

Question 12

-immune system is impaired or weakened
- Individuals considered as immunocompromised

Answer 12

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
_▪ Babies
▪ Old ages
▪ Patients with neoplasm/cancer
▪ Patients with diabetes
▪ Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
▪ Patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Question 13

SITE OF INFECTION

Answer 13

Nalidixic Acid – Given for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Nitrofurantoin – Given for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Question 14

Specifically, the peptidoglycan layer
- Effective in gram positive

Answer 14

INHIBIT OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

Question 15

Enter to the porins of gram negative

Answer 15

INJURY TO PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 16

Block the translation from mRNA to protein

Answer 16

INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYTHESIS

Question 17

Will attack the replication of nucleic acid during binary
fission (mitosis)

Answer 17

INHIBITION OF NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS

Question 18

Attack the metabolic activity

Answer 18

ANTIMETABOLITES

Question 19

Act against either gram positive or gram negative
- Most efficient

Answer 19

NARROW SPECTRUM

Question 20

• Act against both gram positive and gram negative
• Doctors first use for they don’t know the result, then shifts
  to narrow spectrum
• Trial & error

Answer 20

BROAD SPECTRUM

Question 21

• Action of one drug enhances the activity of another or
  vice versa
• (Effect: 1+1 = 3)
• Some already have 2 components

Answer 21

. SYNERGISTIC

Question 22

Examples
▪ Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim
▪ Piperacillin / Tazobactam

Answer 22

SYNERGISTIC

Question 23

• Activity of one drug interferes with the action of another
• Opposite of synergistic
• (Effect: 1+2 = 1)

Answer 23

ANTAGONISTIC

Question 24

• Effect of two drugs is as strong as effect of a highly
  single drug
• (Effect: 1+2 = 2)

Answer 24

INDIFFERENT / AUTONOMOUS

Question 25

• If used separately, reaction is the same
• (Effect: 1+1 = 1

Answer 25

ADDITIVE