MODULE 6.3 Flashcards
Economic processes
Reciprocity, transfers, redistribution, market transcactions
Transaction between two socially equal parties concerning goods or services that are estimated to be of
equal value.
RECIPROCITY
Circular process wherein
you just receive and return
the favour
RECIPROCITY
Types of reciprocity:
Gift giving without any expectation of
immediate return
Generalized
Types of reciprocity:
Expecting immediate return from any
favour and the value of the commodity is
expected to be equal.
Balanced
Types of reciprocity:
Exchange tends to favour one party over
the other as the value of the goods for
exchange is unequal
Negative
When resources from one individual or
organization are given to another with no
expectation of return
Transfers
Allows redistribution of resources within
economic system
Transfers
Resources of one, several
individuals, or groups are
collected and distributed
proportionally or equally to
participating members
Redistribution
Use of currency distinguishes it from
other systems
Market transactions
Exchange of goods and services that
involves buying and selling processes
Market transactions
Types of economic subsistence
Foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture
Value of exchange of goods and
services are normally dictated by the
rules of supply and demand
Market transactions
Institutions that are part of the state
State institutions
Institutions that are not part of the state
Non-state Institutions
Types of non-state institutions:
Institutions that are
associated, related and
linked to money and
financial transactions
BANKS AND CORPORATIONS
Types of non-state institutions:
Organizations comprising workers
and laborers with goals,
and common purposes
interests. Concern employment
relations, decency, and welfare.
COOPERATIVES AND TRADE UNIONS
Types of non-state institutions:
Organizations that influence
the policy making in a
country by sponsoring
advocacy campaigns
publicizing social issues
TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS
Types of non-state institutions:
Influential because of their
broad scope and wide
connections
TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS
Types of non-state institutions:
Serves as international
catalysts for change, aiming
to achieve international
changes towards policies
and practices
TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS
Types of non-state institutions:
Organizations support and
through that provide assistance
organized international framework to
cooperation
International organizations
Types of non-state institutions:
Organizations with specific aims and goals
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
Types of non-state institutions:
Concentrate on the growth, progression, and
advancement of specific societal concerns
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
Types of non-state institutions:
Concentrate mostly on the health and
distribution of equitable social development
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Types of non-state institutions:
Diverse networks enable them to provide
and exchange support across
different borders and localize
their implementations of
international policies
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
6 types of non-state institutions
Banks and corporations, international organizations, development agencies, non-government organizations, transnational advocacy groups, cooperatives and trade unions
Types of non-state institutions:
Exists outside of government and aims to
promote the practice of among democracy
societies
NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
Types of non-state institutions:
Target their efforts
toward population
groups that tend to be
underserved by
governmental programs
NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
Types of non-state institutions:
Non-profit, voluntary, organizations that carry
a broad range of social functions behalf of development
with and on people.
NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
Methods of participation of non state actors
Lobbying, electioneering, litigation, public opinion
Non-state actors/
institutions seeking
to influence a
government
official for a
particular issue
Lobbying
Non-state actors
go to courts to
force the
government to
adhere to their
advocacy and
state make it a
policy
Litigation
Non-state actors help
politicians to
campaign during
elections in exchange
for support for their
advocacies
Electioneering
Non-state actors use
media to highlight and
campaign their
advocacies
Public opinion
_____ is the significant
source of individual and
social identity
Work
TRUE or FALSE: Changes in the means of
production as well as
distribution and
exchanges of resources
and services strongly
affect the overall
function of society
TRUE
