MODULE 6.2 Flashcards
Enduring collection of rules and organized practices,
embedded in structures of meaning and resources that
are relatively invariant in the face of turnover of
individuals and relatively resilient to the idiosyncratic
preferences and expectations of individuals and changing
external circumstances.
Institutions
Humanly devised constraints that affect human behavior
Institutions
Organized way in which power is distributed and
decisions are made within a society.
Political institutions
Entity that is participating in a political processes
Political institutions
Created to maintain social order
Political institutions
Likelihood of achieving desired ends in spite of resistance
from others
Power
Power can be _____ and ______
Physical and Psychological
Power to make binding decisions and issue commands
Authority
Necessary for a leader
Authority
Moral an ethical concept that bestows one who
possesses power the right to exercise such since it is
perceived to be justified and proper
Legitimacy
TRUE OR FALSE: Having authority does not mean having legitimacy
TRUE
TYPES OF AUTHORITY
Rational legal or bureaucratic, charismatic, and traditional
Legitimacy is derived from well-
established customs, habits and
social structures
Traditional authority
Legitimacy emanates from the
charisma of an individual
Charismatic authority
Charisma is seen sometimes as “gift
of grace” or possession of “gravitas”
or authority derived from higher
power
Charismatic authority
Charismatic authority enables one to be accorded authority
despite of absence of _______ or ______
justification
cultural or legal
- Draws its legitimacy from formal rules
promulgated by the state through its
fundamental and implementing laws - Most common way of legitimizing
authority in modern states
Rational legal or bureaucratic authority
Types of political institutions
Centralized and uncentralized
Leaders do not have any true power or
authority to impose compliance to social
norms
Uncentralized political system
Equal distribution of power among
members of society
Uncentralized political system
Deviant members are subject to public
scrutiny, scorn, gossip, and even
banishment
Uncentralized political system
Small kin-ordered group, neolithic, equal rights, consensus
Band
Large kin-groups, agriculture, skill-based leaders, titular leadership
Tribe
Neither have the power nor
authority to impose compliance to social
norms or clan decisions
Titular leadership:
Authority assigned to an
individual or body of
individuals
Centralized political system
Presence of social
stratification
Centralized political system
- Few local communities who subscribe to the power
and rule of a leader who has absolute power on
them - Power bestowed to the chief because he is the
highest ranking individual keeps position for life - Presence of social stratification
- Tied to agriculture
Chiefdom
Functions of Chief
Oversees economic activities in his area
Implement redistributive system for fair
distribution of goods
Political unit consisting of
a government that has
sovereignty presiding over
a group of people and a
well-defined territory
State
Highest form of political
organization
State
The Philippines is a democratic and republican state.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government
power emanates from them.
Section 1, Article 2 1987 Philippine Constitution
Forms of government by number of holders of power:
1:
Few:
Many:
Monarchy, oligarchy, democracy
LOCAL GOVT SUBORDINATE TO NATIONAL GOVT
UNITARY
SHARED POWER BET NATL AND LOCAL GOVT
FEDERAL
POWERS OF BRANCHES ARE SEPARATE, LED BY
PRESIDENT
Presidential
POWERS OF BRANCHES ARE SHARED, LED BY
PRIME MINISTER
Parliamentary
May reject laws made by congress(veto power)
Executive
May declare laws made by Congress
unconstitutional (judicial review)
Judiciary
Appoints members of the judicial branch
Use of pardon power on convicted criminals
Executive
May initiate impeachment
May override veto
May reject/affirm presidential appointees
May revoke/affirm Martial Law
Legislative
May declare
executive actions
unconstitutional
(judicial review)
Judiciary
May initiate impeachment
May limit powers/size of
lower courts (i.e. CA, RTC, etc
Legislative
