Module 6: Synthesis V1 Flashcards
Butanitrile can be synthesised from 1-bromopropane. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aliphatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Nucleophilic substitution. ✓
2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanitrile can be synthesised from butan-2-one. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aliphatic).
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Nucleophilic addition. ✓
methylbenzene (toluene) can be synthesised from benzene. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aromatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Electrophilic substitution. ✓
Phenylethanone can be synthesised from benzene. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aromatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Electrophilic substitution. ✓
Amines can be prepared from nitriles. State the name of the reaction and the reagents and catalyst needed.
Hydrogenation AND reduction. ✓
Hydrogen and Ni. ✓
Ethylamine can be prepared from ethanitrile.
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
Ethanoic acid can be prepared from ethanitrile.
State the name of this reaction and the reagents required.
Hydrolysis. ✓
HCl and H2O. ✓
Ethanoic acid can be prepared from ethanitrile.
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
Explain why is meant by “reflux” in terms of preparing an organic compound.
the continuous boiling and condensing of a compound where the volatile components cannot escape. ✓
Suggest why, in terms of safety why reflux is preferred for organic synthesis.
Naked flames could ignite flammable organic compounds. ✓
Draw a labelled diagram of reflux apparatus
*make sure the top is open. ✓
Explain why is meant by “distillation” in terms of preparing an organic compound.
Distillation is a separation technique. ✓
Used to separate liquids with different boiling points and to prevent further reaction. ✓
Separation of an organic liquid based on its boiling point so volatile components can escape. ✓
Draw a labelled diagram of distillation apparatus.
*make sure the bulb of the thermometer is at the condenser. ✓
Explain why is meant by “distillation” in terms of purifying an organic compound.
Re-distil to get purer product. ✓
Collect the fraction having the boiling point of the pure compound. ✓
Draw a separating funnel apparatus.
*make sure the organic and aqueous layer are the right way around, changes with questions. ✓
A student synthesises an organic liquid. This liquid is impure, and contains the unreacted starting material, which is more soluble in water, and the acid catalyst. The starting material has a density of 1.03g/dm3 and the product has a density of 9.50g/dm3.
Explain how the student could purify the organic liquid.
Draw suitable apparatus required for recrystallisation.
Draw suitable apparatus required for vacuum filteration.
