Module 6: Synthesis V1 Flashcards
Butanitrile can be synthesised from 1-bromopropane. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aliphatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Nucleophilic substitution. ✓
2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanitrile can be synthesised from butan-2-one. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aliphatic).
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Nucleophilic addition. ✓
methylbenzene (toluene) can be synthesised from benzene. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aromatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Electrophilic substitution. ✓
Phenylethanone can be synthesised from benzene. (carbon-carbon bond formation) (aromatic)
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
State the name of the mechanism.
Electrophilic substitution. ✓
Amines can be prepared from nitriles. State the name of the reaction and the reagents and catalyst needed.
Hydrogenation AND reduction. ✓
Hydrogen and Ni. ✓
Ethylamine can be prepared from ethanitrile.
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
Ethanoic acid can be prepared from ethanitrile.
State the name of this reaction and the reagents required.
Hydrolysis. ✓
HCl and H2O. ✓
Ethanoic acid can be prepared from ethanitrile.
Write an equation for this reaction, including structures of any organic compounds and reagents above the arrow.
Explain why is meant by “reflux” in terms of preparing an organic compound.
the continuous boiling and condensing of a compound where the volatile components cannot escape. ✓
Suggest why, in terms of safety why reflux is preferred for organic synthesis.
Naked flames could ignite flammable organic compounds. ✓
Draw a labelled diagram of reflux apparatus
*make sure the top is open. ✓
Explain why is meant by “distillation” in terms of preparing an organic compound.
Distillation is a separation technique. ✓
Used to separate liquids with different boiling points and to prevent further reaction. ✓
Separation of an organic liquid based on its boiling point so volatile components can escape. ✓
Draw a labelled diagram of distillation apparatus.
*make sure the bulb of the thermometer is at the condenser. ✓
Explain why is meant by “distillation” in terms of purifying an organic compound.
Re-distil to get purer product. ✓
Collect the fraction having the boiling point of the pure compound. ✓
Draw a separating funnel apparatus.
*make sure the organic and aqueous layer are the right way around, changes with questions. ✓
A student synthesises an organic liquid. This liquid is impure, and contains the unreacted starting material, which is more soluble in water, and the acid catalyst. The starting material has a density of 1.03g/dm3 and the product has a density of 9.50g/dm3.
Explain how the student could purify the organic liquid.
A student synthesises an organic solid. The solid is impure. The student finds that the solid dissolves in hot ethanol, but not in cold ethanol.
Explain how the student could purify the organic liquid.
Recrystallisation. ✓
Dissolve the solid in the minimum volume of hot solvent. ✓
Filter off any impurities in the hot solution and then allow the solution to cool. ✓
Scratch the flask with a glass rod until a crystalline solid is seen
Filter off the pure solids. ✓
Wash the solid with cold solvent and then dry further under vacuum. ✓
Draw suitable apparatus required for recrystallisation.
Draw suitable apparatus required for vacuum filteration.
A student produces a pure organic solid.
Explain how this student could test for the purity of the organic solid.
Use a melting point apparatus to take melting point. ✓
Match the melting point to database values to identify the compound. ✓
Pure compounds have a sharp melting point over a two degree range close to data book value. ✓
Impurities lower the melting point and melting takes places over a larger range. ✓
A solid organic compound can be purified by recrystallisation.Which statement(s) about recrystallisation is/are true?
The organic compound is more soluble in hot solvent.
The hot solution is cooled before the purified organic compound is collected.
The melting point of the purified organic compound is lower than the impure compound.
The organic compound is more soluble in hot solvent. ✓
The hot solution is cooled before the purified organic compound is collected. ✓
